Psychology

*Final Exam: Thursday of Finals Week 8:00 PM - 10:00 PM in LH002 CHAPTER 1 Psychology Perspectives: Biological Behavioral Cognitive Psychodynamic Humanistic Sociocultural *Evolutionary psychology Eternally unresolved issues stability vs. change how stable are the traits and characteristics for an individual across a life span stages vs. linear development an individual is made up of his/her personal experiences as we progress through all stages, do individuals gradually collect skills and abilities that aggregate over time or do they appear spontaneously puberty is an example of a spontaneous change in physiology rationality vs. irrationality why do we use our rationale to resolve the irrational; how? nature vs. nurture genes vs. environment

Alkenes are commonly described as unsaturated hydrocarbons because they have the capacity to react with substances that add to them. Alkanes, on the other hand, are saturated hydrocarbons and are incapable of undergoing addition reactions. 6.1 Hydrogenation of Alkenes The relationship between reactants and products in addition reactions can be illustrated by the hydrogenation of alkenes to yield alkanes. Hydrogenation is the addition of H 2 to a multiple bond, as illustrated in the conversion of ethylene to ethane. The reaction is exothermic and is characterized by a negative sign for ?H?. Indeed, hydrogenation of all alkenes is exothermic. The heat given off is called the heat of hydrogenation and cited without a sign. In other words, heat of hydrogenation = -?H?.

CHAPTER 5 Consciousness - awareness of internal and external stimuli (personal awareness) subjective and private, dynamic, self-reflective and central to our sense of ?self? always moving, changing, and flowing William James (1902) called it the stream of consciousness Sigmund Freud (1900) believed that this stream of consciousness had depth. consciousness is not an all-or-none principle conscious and unconscious processes are different levels of awareness Electroencephalograph (EEG) - a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp. (Records brain waves) Electromypograph (EMG) - records muscular activity and tension Electrooculograph (EOG) - records eye movements

CHAPTER 10 - Emotion and Motivation Emotion Emotions - positive or negative affective effects consist of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral reactions to events that have relevance to our goals Emotions are responses, while motivators are stimuli to action Adaptive Function of Emotions (Frederickson, 1998) Negative emotions narrow attention, enabling a response to threat through increased physiological activation Positive emotions broaden thinking and behavior, enabling exploration and skill learning Emotions as Social Communication They provide observable information about internal states and influence others? behavior toward us Emotions: Eliciting Stimuli Biological factors - We come equipped to respond to stimuli that may have evolutionary significance