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Chemistry

Nutrition and Enzymes Powerpoint

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Chemistry
nutrition
metabolism
Enzyme
Cell membrane
Hydrolysis
Glucose
Polysaccharide
Lipid
Carbohydrate
biochemistry
health

Nutrition In order for the human body to be healthy and resistant to disease, good nutrition is required. All living things are made of chemicals. In order to grow, develop and maintain bodily structures and functions, specific chemicals must be acquired from the food we eat. In a sense, we are what we eat. Nutrients can be divided into the following categories: Nutrients Overview Carbohydrates ? sugar based molecules that are metabolized for energy in cellular respiration and make up the structural components of plant cell walls. Lipids ? fat based molecules that store large quantities of energy. These molecules also make up the structure of cell membranes.

Chapter 9 Practise test

Subject: 
Algebra
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Biology
biochemistry
cellular respiration
Chemistry
metabolism
Exercise physiology
Metabolic pathways
Plant physiology
Glycolysis
Pyruvic acid
Fermentation
Electron transport chain

BIOLOGY: Chapter 9-Cellular Respiration Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? a. glycolysis ? fermentation ? Krebs cycle b. Krebs cycle ? electron transport ? glycolysis c. glycolysis ? Krebs cycle ? electron transport d. Krebs cycle ? glycolysis ? electron transport ____ 2. Which of the following is released during cellular respiration? a. oxygen b. air c. energy d. lactic acid ____ 3. Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce a. 2 ATP molecules. b. 34 ATP molecules. c. 36 ATP molecules. d. 38 ATP molecules.

Photosynthesis Powerpoint

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Photosynthesis
Chemistry
biochemistry
Photosystem
Light-dependent reactions
Thylakoid
Photophosphorylation
Chemiosmosis
Electron transport chain
Stroma
Chloroplast
Technology

Photosynthesis Energy Transformations ATP is the energy molecule used in all living things, so supplies must be constantly replenished. energy must be added to make ATP, thus ATP formation is an endergonic reaction. ADP + P + energy ---? ATP the addition of a phosphate molecule to ATP is called phosphorylation ATP ---? ADP + P + energy the removal of a phosphate molecule from ATP gives off energy and is called dephosphorylation Electron Transport System (ETS) is the means by which energy production occurs within cells. It is a series of progressively stronger electron acceptors. Each time an electron is transported, energy is either released or absorbed. This is how most of the ATP in plants and animals is formed Redox Reactions

Cellular Repsiration

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
cellular respiration
biochemistry
Chemistry
Glycolysis
Chemiosmosis
Fermentation
Pyruvic acid
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain
Carbohydrate catabolism
metabolism

Cellular Respiration Plant cells harvest energy from the sun, and store it as glucose. That glucose must be transformed into energy the cell can use, specifically ATP. This takes place in the mitochondria of cells. There are two ways that a cell can harvest energy from the food (glucose) it takes in: Anaerobic Cell Respiration (Fermentation) ? glucose metabolism in the absence of oxygen that produces 2ATP molecules and either ethanol or lactic acid. Involves 2 stages: Glycolysis Fermentation Aerobic Cellular Respiration ? glucose metabolism with oxygen that produces 36 ATP molecules, CO2 and H2O. Involves 4 stages: Glycolysis Pyruvate oxidation Krebs cycle Electron transport and chemiosmosis Stage 1 ? Glycolysis

Cycles Notes

Subject: 
Environmental Science
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Chemistry
matter
Chemical elements
Nonmetals
Biogeochemical cycle
Biogeography
Pnictogens
Phosphorus cycle
Carbon dioxide
Phosphorus
Fossil fuel
Nitrogen
Environment

Trini Soza Mr. Miguelez APES, 5 10 December 2013 Cycles Questions Water It basically is what keeps an organism alive. The Hydrologic Cycle keeps the water movement going on, above and bellow the surface. There would be more groundwater since the tree roots are not there to absorb the rainfall, as well with a decrease in water evaporation. Logging takes a hit at the Hydrologic Cycle since trees play a crucial role in it. Not only does the fact that we cut down trees affect the cycle, but also one of the biggest effects we have is contamination. The contamination of oceans, rivers, lakes are damaging the quality of the water in the cycle. Carbon Dioxide - Respiration from animals - Organisms - Dissolved CO2 from ocean - Combustion of fossil fuels - Erosion - Volcanic reactions

Ocean Acidification

Subject: 
Environmental Science
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Chemistry
Greenhouse gases
Chemical oceanography
Geochemistry
Aquatic ecology
Carbon
Ocean acidification
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
Carbon dioxide
Calcium
Environment

Ocean Acidification What is ocean acidification? (OA) A reduction in ocean pH due to the uptake of anthropogenic CO2. The Amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is increasing We are at the highest level of CO2 we?ve had in a millions years Debates about the effects of high CO2 levels and its cause Not open for discussion The Chemistry of the ocean is dependent on the chemistry of the atmosphere Natural process If you increase CO2 in atmosphere by diffusion you increase the CO2 levels in the ocean What we do to the atmosphere, we also do to the ocean OCEAN IS NOT AN ACID Ocean is becoming less basic, not more acidic Chemistry of it: CO2 reacts with H20 HCO3 (bicarbonate) H (hydrogen) CO2 + H2O => HCO3 + H Water becomes more acidic the more CO2 it contains

Chemistry The central science

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Chemistry
Periodic Table
Alkaline earth metal
Halogen
Nonmetal
Base
Nitric acid
Properties of water
Hydride
Hydrogen
Metal
Chemical element

Electron affinity: Cl(g) + e? Cl?(g) ?E = ?349 kJ/mol Ionization energy: Cl(g) Cl+(g ) + e? ?E = 1251 kJ/mol Substance to be an acid Disolve in water to form acidic solution or React with a base Metals Form cations in aq M M2+ + 2e? Low I1 Metals + non-metals salt (ionic compound) Metal oxides basic: Metal oxides + H20 metal hydroxide (OH-) (not all) Metal + O2 metal O2- (Ionic Solid) Acid + metal salt (aq) + H2 (g) Acid + metal OH- salt (aq/s) + H2O (l) Acid + metal O2- salt (aq/s) + H2O (l) Acid + metal HCO2-3 salt (aq/s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) Acid + metal HCO-2 salt (aq/s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) Acid + metal S2- salt (aq/s) + SO2 (g) + H2O (l) Acids + Metals Soluble Water Acid Product NiO (clear) No HNO3 (clear) Ni(NO3)2 (Green)

Chemistry The central science Chapter

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Chemistry
matter
Chemical elements
Periodic Table
Actinide
Berkelium
Samarium
Americium
Curium
Einsteinium
Lanthanum
Actinium

Periodic Table Period 1 I A 18 VIII A 1 1s 1 ?1 atomic # ? 29 +2,1 ? ions commonly formed 2 0 H 2 II A atomic symbol ? Cu 13 III A 14 IV A 15 V A 16 VI A 17 VII A He hydrogen English element name ? copper helium 1.008 63.55 ? atomic mass (rounded) 4.003 2 2s 3 +1 4 +2 2p 5 +3 6 ?4 7 ?3 8 ?2 9 ?1 10 0 Li Be B C N O F Ne

Chemistry The central science Summary Chapter

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Physics
Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Quantum chemistry
Charge carriers
Chemical bond
electron
Lewis structure
Technology

Lewis Symbols As a pictorial understanding of where the electrons are in an atom, we represent the electrons as dots around the symbol for the element. The number of electrons available for bonding are indicated by unpaired dots. These symbols are called Lewis symbols. Place the electrons on four sides of a square around the element symbol.
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Chemistry The central science Summary Chapter 9

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Quantum chemistry
Molecular orbital
Orbital hybridisation
Chemical bond
VSEPR theory
Antibonding
Lewis structure
Valence bond theory
Unpaired electron
molecular geometry
Technology

Chapter 9- Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories 9.1 Molecular Shapes Lewis structures give atomic connectivity: they tell us which atoms are physically connected to which atoms. Whenever two atoms or ions are strongly attached to each other we say there is a chemical bond. Three general types of chemical bonds: ionic , covalent and metallic. We will encounter 11 basic molecular shapes: The shape of a molecule is determined by its bond angles. Bond angles The angles made by the lines joining the nuclei of the atoms in a molecule Consider CCl4: Experimentally we find all Cl?C?Cl bond angles are 109.5?. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model.

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