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Campbell Biology Chapter 12 Summary

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
cell cycle
mitosis
Cellular processes
organelles
Kinetochore
Spindle apparatus
Prometaphase
Meiosis
Metaphase
Aster
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Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle Lecture Outline Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division The ability of organisms to reproduce their kind is the one characteristic that best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter. The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells, or cell division. Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair. The division of a unicellular organism reproduces an entire organism, increasing the population. Cell division on a larger scale can produce progeny for some multicellular organisms. This includes organisms that can grow by cuttings. Cell division enables a multicellular organism to develop from a single fertilized egg or zygote.

Nutrition and Enzymes (Biochemistry)

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Chemistry
nutrition
metabolism
Enzyme
Cell membrane
Hydrolysis
Glucose
Polysaccharide
Lipid
Carbohydrate
biochemistry
health

Nutrition In order for the human body to be healthy and resistant to disease, good nutrition is required. All living things are made of chemicals. In order to grow, develop and maintain bodily structures and functions, specific chemicals must be acquired from the food we eat. In a sense, we are what we eat. Nutrients can be divided into the following categories: Nutrients Overview Carbohydrates ? sugar based molecules that are metabolized for energy in cellular respiration and make up the structural components of plant cell walls. Lipids ? fat based molecules that store large quantities of energy. These molecules also make up the structure of cell membranes.

Digestive System

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Biology
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anatomy
Digestive system
Biology
Medicine
Digestive enzyme
Small intestine
Digestion
Carbohydrate digestion
Stomach
Gastric acid
Bile
Saliva
health

TheHumanDigestiveSystem Oral Cavity Chewing Saliva moistens food Saliva contains enzymes Esophagus Moves food to the stomach by peristalsis Stomach Sphincters control movement of food into and out of the stomach Stomach glands release gastric juices water, enzymes, mucus, acid Most food moves on to the small intestine within 4 hours Small Intestine Liver and pancreas secrete enzymes into the small intestine Digestion is completed Nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls Colon(Large Intestine) Bacteria produce some vitamins Vitamins absorbed into bloodstream Water is reabsorbed Feces move on to the rectum Carbohydrate Digestion Mouth Salivary amylase breaks starch into sugar Stomach pH is too low for amylase to work Small Intestine

AP psych chapter 5 study guide

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Psychology
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Biology
Sleep
neuroscience
Electroencephalography
Dreaming
Neurophysiology
Non-rapid eye movement sleep
Delta wave
Rapid eye movement sleep
Narcolepsy
Polysomnography
Slow-wave sleep
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Chapter 5: Variations of Consciousness Study Guide ? Consciousness: The awareness if internal and external stimuli. It includes (1) your awareness of external events, (2) your awareness of your internal sensations, (3) your awareness of yourself as the unique being having the experiences, and (4) your awareness of your thoughts about these experiences. Electroencephalograph (EEG): A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surrounding face of the scalp. It summarizes the rhythm of cortical activity in the brain in terms of line tracings called brain waves. [cps = cycles per second = frequency] Beta: 13-24 cps. Normal waking thought, alert problem solving.

AP psych chapter 1/2 study guide

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Psychology
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Psychology
behavior
Mind
Behavioural sciences
Applied psychology
Social Psychology
Behaviorism
Structuralism
Clinical psychology
evolutionary psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
Edward B. Titchener
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Chapters 1 & 2 Study Guide: Evolution & Research Enterprise ? Chapter 1 Key People: Carl Rogers: One of the most prominent architects of the humanistic movement. He, along with Abraham Maslow, argues that human behavior is governed primarily by each individual?s sense of self, or ?self-concept? ? which animals presumably lack. He argued that in order to fully understand human behavior, psychologists must take into account the fundamental human drive toward personal growth. He asserted that people have a basic need to continue to evolve as human beings and fulfill their potentials.

Genetic Testing PP

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Medicine
Genetic testing
Introduction to genetics
Gene
Mutation
genotype
Dominance
BRCA1
DNA
Cancer
health

Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Embryo hundreds of cell types, same DNA code Each cell type is defined by the genes that are expressed in that cell ?Gene expression? Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Neuron Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Muscle cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Red blood cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Each cell type only expressed a restricted subset of genes Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Neuron Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Muscle cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Red blood cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Each cell type only expressed a restricted subset of genes How??? Epigenetic marks applied to DNA

Human Body

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Biology
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anatomy
Biology
Medicine
Angiology
Respiratory physiology
Organs
Respiration
Respiratory system
Blood
Pulmonary circulation
Lung
Circulatory system
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Skeletal System The human skeleton is divided into two main parts the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of the vertebral column, the rib cage, and the skull. The appendicular skeleton consists of the pectoral girdles, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle, and the lower limbs. Identify 20 major bones in the body. The following are major bones in the body: Cranium, mandible, femur, patella, scapula, ulna, clavicle, humorous, sternum, lumbar, vertebrae, cervical vertebrae, radius, pubis, carpals, metacarpals, sacrum, coccyx, tibia, phalanges, ilium, fibula, tarsals, and ribs. State the functions of the skeletal system.

Dietary

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Biology
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nutrition
Medicine
Alternative medicine
B vitamins
Dietary supplements
Vitamins
Hypervitaminosis
Multivitamin
Hypervitaminosis A
Folic acid
Antioxidant
Megavitamin therapy
health
Disaster

Dietary Supplements People take?dietary supplements?to obtain essential nutrients that may be deficient or missing in their diets. Supplements may contain vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, fats and herbs. Yet, they may have risks. There are disastrous drug interactions A higher proportion of people reporting adverse reactions when taking dietary supplements, particularly multivitamin multimineral supplements, concurrently take prescription or over-the-counter medications that supplement users without?adverse events. Taking supplements that contain vitamin A while also taking Accutane, a prescription drug that contains isotretinoin and is indicated for treatment of cystic acne, can increase the toxic effects of the medication.

The Evolution of Psychology

Subject: 
Psychology
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Psychology
behavior
Science
Behavioural sciences
Applied psychology
neuroscience
Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt
Clinical psychology
School psychology
Experimental psychology
Behaviorism
health

Grant Clay Period 3 8/26/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology Red ? Definition of Key Terms Green ? Important People & Contributions Blue ? Important Points How Psychology Developed Psychology ? The Scientific Study of Behavior and Mental Processes. Mental Processes = Physiological and Cognitive Processes. Psychology comes from two Greek words. ?Psyche? = Soul, and ?Logos? = the Study of a Subject Psychology became a Scientific Discipline In 1870?s The Contributions of Wundt and Hall Philosophy + Physiology = Psychology Wilhelm Wundt German Professor. Campaigned to make Psychology an independent Scientific Discipline. Established first Psychology Laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig.

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Subject: 
Psychology
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Biology
neuroscience
nervous system
Neurobiology
Neurophysiology
Cellular neuroscience
Neuron
brain
Chemical synapse
Neuroglia
Motor neuron
Neurotransmitter
health

Grant Clay Period 3 9/7/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior Red ? Definition Blue - Important Points Green - Important People & Contributions Nervous System: The Basics Neurons ? Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information. They are basic links that allow communication within the Nervous System. Soma ? Cell Body of the neuron that contains the nucleus and much of cells normal organs. Dendrite ? Parts of a Neuron that receives information. Axon ? Long fiber that transmits information away to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Myelin Sheath ? Insulating Material that encases some Axons. It speeds up to transmission of information.

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