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Molecular biology

Ch03_Bio PPT

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Classical genetics
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Inheritance and DNA Cellular Basis of Reproduction & Inheritance Chapter 8 The cell cycle multiplies cells and consists of two major phases Figure 8.5 The stages of cell division Figure 8.6 (Part 1) Figure 8.6 (Part 2) Cytokinesis differs for plant and animal cells Figure 8.7A The binding of growth factors to specific receptors on the plasma membrane is usually necessary for cell division. Control system G1 S G2 M G1 checkpoint Plasma membrane Growth factor Receptor protein Relay proteins Signal transduction pathway Figure 8.9B Cancer cells divide excessively to form masses of cells called tumors Malignant tumors can invade other tissues Tumor Glandular tissue A tumor grows from a single cancer cell. Cancer cells invade neighboring tissue.

AP Biology Chapter 16 Notes Campbell/Reece

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Molecular biology
DNA Replication
Molecular genetics
DNA
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Okazaki fragments
Chromatin
Transcription
RNA
Nucleotide excision repair
health

Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Essay questions will be on Feulgen, Griffith experiement, Hershey and Chase, Chargoff, Watson and Crick, Tatum Beadle Experiment Overview: Your genetic material is contained in: 1. 46 chromsomes from mom and dad 2. Mitochondrial DNA from mom Nucleic acids - Unique from all other molecules in that they can direct their own replication. 16.1 DNA is the genetic material A. The Search for Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry Initially, Genes were noted to be on chromosomes (b/c of work by Morgan an d Mendel) ? so people didn?t know if they were on the proteins or on the DNA. 1. Frederick Griffith (figure 16.2)? Showed evidence that DNA (not protein) can transform bacteria Background:

AP Biology Chapter 19 Notes Campbell/Reece

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Virology
Molecular biology
Bacteriophages
microbiology
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Lytic cycle
RNA virus
Provirus
Retrovirus
Antiviral drug
Orthomyxoviridae
health

AP Biology ? Chapter 19 Viruses ? Overview: A Borrowed Life ? Viruses:???????? Basically just genes packaged in protein coats. ??????????????????????? They lack the structures and metabolic machinery found in cells ? ? Are viruses living or nonlinving? -??????????? They cannot reproduce or carry out metabolic activities outside of a host cell ? so they are kind of between living and non-living (hence ?A borrowed life?. ? ? A lot of what we know about molecular biology comes from the study of viruses ? a lot of the information about genes and nucleic acids. ? ??????????? The ability to manipulate genes and transfer them comes from the study of viruses ??????????? Viruses are used as the agents of gene transfer in gene therapy. ? ? ? ?

AP bio summer hw ch 4 questions

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reproduction
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fertility
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Asexual reproduction
Meiosis
sex
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Gamete
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AP Biology Summer Assignment Unit 4: Genetics Ch. 13- Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction and list the advantages and disadvantages of each type of reproduction. Also, describe the most significant differences between mitosis and meiosis.

ps 2.4

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Protein biosynthesis
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Molecular genetics
Translation
Genetic code
Messenger RNA
Start codon
Gene
Nucleic acid sequence

Solutions to Practice Problems for Molecular Biology, Session 3: Transcription, Translation ? ? Question 1 ? ? Fill in the table: ? Transcription Translation Where does this process occur in a nucleus cytoplasm eukaryotic cell? What is the enzyme that carries out RNA polymerase Ribosome this process? What is the template that is read DNA RNA during this process? In what direction is the template 3? ? 5? 5? ? 3? read? What is the start signal/sequence for promoter Start codon this process? What is the polymer that is formed? RNA polypeptide What monomer is used to form this ribonucleotides Amino acids polymer? What type of bond is formed phosphodiester peptide between monomers? In what direction is the new polymer 5? ? 3? N ? C

ps 2.3

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Transcription

Practice Problems for Molecular Biology, Session 3: Transcription, Translation ? ? Question 1 ? ? Fill in the table: ? Transcription Translation Where does this process occur in a eukaryotic cell? ? ? What is the enzyme that carries out this process? ? ? What is the template that is read during this process? ? ? In what direction is the template read? ? ? What is the start signal/sequence for this process? ? ? What is the polymer that is formed? ? ? What monomer is used to form this polymer? ? ? What type of bond is formed between monomers? ? ? In what direction is the new polymer formed? ? ? What is the stop signal/sequence for this process? ? ?

exam 2

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DNA
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Molecular Biology Unit Exam Question 1 Consider the following origin of replication that is found on a chromosome. The sequence of region 1 is shown below. Region 1: 5??CTGACTGACA?3? 3??GACTGACTGT?5? 3? 5? 5? 3? Region 1 top ? ori bottom ? a) Within Region 1, which strand will be the template for leading strand synthesis, the top or the bottom? b) If we assume that a lagging strand fragment is made from region 1, what will be its sequence? c) You examine DNA replication in an E. coli mutant, which has a partially defective DNA polymerase. In vitro experiments using the mutant DNA polymerase gives an error rate of 10-3, as compared to the expected error

exam2 soln

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DNA Replication
Translation
health

Solutions to Molecular Biology Unit Exam Question 1 Consider the following origin of replication that is found on a chromosome. The sequence of region 1 is shown below. Region 1: 5??CTGACTGACA?3? 3??GACTGACTGT?5? 5? 3? 5? 3? Region 1 ori top ? bottom ? a) Within Region 1, which strand will be the template for leading strand synthesis, the top or the bottom? The bottom strand will be the template for leading strand synthesis. b) If we assume that a lagging strand fragment is made from region 1, what will be its sequence? 5? T G T C A G T C A G 3? c) You examine DNA replication in an E. coli mutant, which has a partially defective DNA polymerase. In vitro

Campbell Biology Test Bank Chapter 5

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Chemistry
nutrition
Molecular biology
Nitrogen metabolism
Biomolecules
Genetics
Amino acid
Monomer
metabolism
Biomolecular structure
Hydrolysis

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules In Chapter 5, the principles of chemistry covered in earlier chapters are applied to the understanding of biological polymers and lipid membranes. The emphasis is on properly linking monomers and their polymers, and on the structural and functional diversity of the different polymer types. Particular attention is given to protein structure, because this is central to understanding subsequent chapters on metabolism, molecular biology, and molecular medicine. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Humans and mice differ because A) their cells have different small organic molecules. B) their cells make different types of large biological molecules.

Campbell AP Bio Chapter 17

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biochemistry
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Translation
Messenger RNA
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health

LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Lectures by Erin Barley Kathleen Fitzpatrick From Gene to Protein Chapter 17 Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information ? The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides ? The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins ? Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype ? Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via

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