| CourseNotes

Biomolecules Flashcards

2042344638	Adhesion	attraction between molecules of different substance, particularly water molecules and other surfaces	0
2042344639	Boiling point	the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor; for water, this is 100 degrees Celcius	1
2042344640	Freezing point	the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid; the opposite of this is the melting point	2
2042344641	Hydrogen bond	a bond that forms BETWEEN water molecules; contributes to cohesive properties; also found between bases in the structure of DNA	3
2042344642	Hydrophilic	Attracted to water; likes water; polar molecules exhibit this property	4
2042344643	Hydrophobic	Repels against water; non-polar substances like fatty acids and the tails of phospholipids (also fatty acids) exhibit this property	5
2042344644	Solvent	The term used for a liquid or the liquid portion of a solution when dissolving things; Ex: Water	6
2042344645	Methane	CH4; colorless flammable gas; fart burns well because of this; simplest member of alkanes; used to compare properties of water because hydrogen bonds are NOT formed between these molecules	7
2042344646	Solubility	how much substance will dissolve in a given amount of liquid	8
2042344647	covalent bond	A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule; the bonds WITHIN water molecules are these types of bonds	9
2042344648	Electronegativity	A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons; explains why water is a polar molecules because the OXYGEN pulls electrons close to it, making it negatively charged while hydrogen becomes positively charged	10
2042344649	Hydrogen bond	An INTER-molecular bond that explains water's high boiling point amongst other properties of water	11
2042344650	permanent dipole reaction	when water molecules align with each other, they establish a weak bond	12
2042344651	Covalent bond	a bond between two or more atoms that is provided by electrons that travel between the atoms nuclei	13
2042344652	Melting point	the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid state; this is zero degrees for water	14
2042344653	non-polar	hypdrophobic; repels water	15
2042344654	polar	hydrophillic; attracts water	16
2042344655	ammonia	a molecule that consists of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms	17
2042344656	catabolism	the breaking down of complex molecules into simpler molecules, energy is released;	18
2042344657	hydrolysis	chemical reaction which cause molecules of water to split into hydrogen cations and hydrogen anions; type of reaction used to break down certain polymers; opposite of condensation	19
2042344658	Methane	Chemical compound with formula CH4; simplest alkane and the main component of natural gas	20
2042344659	adhesion	when water is attracted to other substances; not water	21
2042344660	thermal	high heat capacity and heat of vaporization are examples of this type of property of water	22
2042344661	vaporisation	When a substance converts from a solid or a liquid to a gas	23
2042344662	oligopeptide	fewer than 20 amino acids, but more than 2	24
2042344663	genes	made up of four bases. A's, C's, G's and T's. Unit of heredity. Made up of DNA and act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. Found in chromosomes	25
2042344664	codons	Made up of three bases, and one of these provides the instructions to form an amino acid. A full set of these are called a genetic code	26
2042344665	immunoglobin	A type of protein that is also known as an antibody. They have sites at the tips of their two arms that bind to antigens on bacteria or other pathogens.	27
2042344666	insulin	Hormone secreted from the pancreas; regulates metabolism of carbohydrates and fat. Diabetes patients either don't produce enough of this, OR, their body may not respond to this properly.	28
2042344667	collagen	Class of extracellular proteins found in animals, especially skin, bone, cartilage, tendon, and teeth. Serves as connective tissue between cells.	29
2042344668	substrate	the molecule upon which an enzyme acts; binds to the active site; starch is an example of this if salivary amylase is the enzyme	30
2042344669	pH	the scale that measures how acidic or basic a liquid is;	31
2070425223	pH	this factor affects enzyme activity by having higher or lower concentrations of protons (hydrogen ions) that will interact with existing charges to possibly change the shape of the enzyme protein active site, rendering it unable to bind to bind to substrates and hence become denatured	32
2070432111	glucose		33
2070433165	ribose		34
2070434502	fatty acids	these molecules are examples of	35
2070435343	glycerol	"oh, oh, oh"	36
2070437316	dissacharide	This molecule, consisting of two monosaccharides is known, in general, as a _______	37
2070448116	amino acid		38
2070449321	starch		39
2042344670	disaccharides	a type of carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides (monosaccharides are the simplest form of sugar); i.e. glucose (mono) + fructose (mono) = sucrose (di)	40
2042344671	condensation	A type of reaction that involves to the joining of two sub-unit molecules which yields a water molecule as a result	41
2042344672	galactose	Abbreviated "Gal"; monosaccharide sugar, less sweet than fructose or glucose; C6H12O6; a component of the disaccharide molecule, lactose	42
2042344673	fructose	a type of monosaccharide that is very sweet and is often blamed for unhealthy diets	43
2042344674	polysaccharides	numerous chains of monosaccharides; starch is an example of this as well as cellulose and glycogen	44
2042344675	cellulose	the main component of cell walls and a polysaccharide	45
2042344676	glycogen	a type of polysaccharide that is the storage carbohydrate of animals; stored in the liver; composed of many units of glucose molecules; NOT stored in plants in this form, but rather as starch	46
2042344677	starch	A polysaccharide carbohydrate (C6H10O5) consisting of a large number of glucose monosaccharide units; storage of glucose in plants	47
2042344678	solubility	A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.	48
2042344679	lipids	a substance that is insoluble in water, its sub-units are glycerol and fatty acids; also known as fats or triglycerides	49
2042344680	triglyceride	These are formed by condensation from three fatty acids and one glycerol.	50
2042344681	phospholipids	component of the bilayer in the cell membrane; is a type of lipid (fat)	51
2042344682	steroids	A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached.	52
2042344683	carbon compound	carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, and proteins are all types of ____ _____; the basis of ORGANIC molecules	53
2042344684	hydrocarbon chain	chain of carbon atoms bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms, tail of a fatty acid *	54
2042344685	glycerol	A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.	55
2042344686	fatty acid	long chains of carbons and is present in the form of glycerides in fats and fatty oils; can be of various forms including saturated, unsaturated, mono-, poly-, cis-, and trans-	56
2042344687	carboxyl group	-COOH; makes things "cool" like an acid:); found in amino acids and fatty acids	57
2042344688	saturated fats	Fatty acid chains lack double bonds; therefore, the chains pack tightly, solid at room temp and bad fats, major source is animals	58
2042344689	unsaturated fats	A fat that has fewer hydrogen atoms because double bonds exist among some of the carbon atoms.	59
2042344690	monounsaturated	Only one double bond between carbons; A fatty acid whose molecular structure includes only one double carbon bond.	60
2042344691	polyunsaturated	More than one double bonds between carbons; A type of fat containing double bonds between many carbon atoms.	61
2042344692	cis unsaturated	Hydrogen atoms are bonded to carbon atoms on the same side of a double bond.	62
2042344693	trans unsaturated	Are lipids that have hydrogen bonds on opposite sides of the double-bond structure	63
2042344694	double bond	covalent bonds linking 2 atoms in a molecule; A covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms	64
2042344695	obesity	medical condition in which excess body fat has a negative effect on health; quite common in the United States	65
2042344696	heart disease	Also known as Cardio Vascular Disease, disease of the heart and blood vessels of the body and brain.	66
2042344697	R group	a functional group that defines a particular amino acid and gives it special properties.	67
2042344698	amino acids	building block of proteins that consists of an amine group+carboxyl group	68
2042344699	hydrogen bond	the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom (often oxygen) of a different molecule.	69
2042344700	peptide bond	Covalent chemical bond formed between two amino acid molecules.	70
2042344701	polypeptide	main component of protein, chain of amino acids	71
2042344702	gene	segments of DNA in chromosomes; exists in alternate forms called alleles; codes for proteins	72
2042344703	proteome	entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism at a certain time.	73
2042344704	polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	74
2042344706	primary structure	the sequence of amino acids of the protein structure	75
2042344707	secondary structure	hydrogen bond of alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet contribute to this level of protein structure	76
2042344708	tertiary structure	3D shape of single polypeptide using hydrogen, hydrophobic forces, ionic, covalent, disulfide bonding	77
2042344709	quatenary structure	multi-subunit protein and how the subunits fits together	78
2042344710	protein	A molecule of chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds	79
2042344711	sucrose	two monosaccharides put together (disaccharides) Glucose + Fructose	80
2042344712	fructose	A 6-carbon monosaccharide in the form of a ring structure. The sweetest of all natural sugars.	81
2042344713	amino group	A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms	82
2042344714	transparency	Allowing light to pass through so that objects can be clearly seen on the other side; the opposite of opaque; a property of water that allows aquatic plants to photosynthesize	83
2042344715	cholesterol	A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.	84
2042344716	fibrous protein	(Structural proteins) Insoluble in water; chief building materials of the body; usually used to construct connective tissues, tendons, bone matrix and muscle fiber. Insoluble in water and their polypeptide chains form long strands that are parallel to each other.	85
2042344717	globular protein	These proteins are water soluble and have catalytic and regulatory roles in cells; enzymes, hormones, immunoglobins are examples of these	86
2042344718	denaturation	when protein or nucleic acids lose quaternary, tertiary, and secondary structures	87
2042344719	hemoglobin	protein that helps transport oxygen via red blood cells throughout the body	88
2042344720	integrin	Cell surface receptor proteins that are built into the plasma membrane	89
2042344721	electrophoresis	A process where DNA fragments are separated according to size using electrical charges; A technique for separating macromolecules (proteins, RNA, DNA) on a gel using an electric field.	90
2070393027	substrate	"A" refers to a:	91
2070555454	urea	the artificial production of THIS molecule provided evidence to FALSIFY the idea of VITALISM; A soluble nitrogenous waste produced in the liver by a metabolic cycle that combines ammonia with carbon dioxide;	92
2070556463	four	number of bonds formed by a carbon atom	93
2070558786	Metabolism	the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism.	94
2070564434	vitalism	The belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws	95
2070566540	anabolism	Constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.	96
2070569482	anabolism	the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions	97
2070570488	catabolism	the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.	98
2070574580	ribose	you should be able to draw this molecule; a monosaccharide that is found in DNA	99
2070624729	sugar	monosaccharides and disaccharides are types of ______; another word for small carbohydrates	100
2070631989	monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	101
2070634370	amylose	1 form of starch structure made up of linear chains of several hundred glucose molecules	102
2070634588	amylopectin	1 form of starch structure where the glucose chains are branched. The linkage is between carbon 1 of the branch and carbon 6 of the glucose residue.	103

Powered by Quizlet.com

Jane Eyre quotes Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

1106979917	Jane Eyre	"I was termed naughty and tiresome, sullen and sneaking" Speaker?	0
1106979918	Jane Eyre	"I was quiet; I believed I was content: to the eyes of others, usually even to my own, I appeared a disciplined and subdued character" Speaker?	1
1106979919	Jane Eyre	"I was a lady... I had more color and more flesh, more life, more vicacity" Speaker?	2
1106979920	Jane Eyre	"I am passionate, but not vindictive" Speaker?	3
1106979921	Jane Eyre	who is being described? "pale little elf... dimpled cheek and rosy lips; the satin-smooth hazel hair, and the radiant hazel eyes... (I had green eyes)"	4
1106979922	Jane Eyre	"I am poor, obscure, plain, and little" Speaker?	5
1106979923	Jane Eyre	"there was a pleasurable illumination in your eye occasionally, a soft excitement in your aspect, which told of no bitter, bilious, hypochondriac brooding: your look revealed rather the sweet musings of youth when its spirit follows on willing wings the flight of Hope up and on to an ideal heaven"	6
1106979924	Jane Eyre	who is being described? "she has a peculiar face; fleshless and haggard as it is"	7
1106979925	Jane Eyre	who is being described? "she looks sensible, but not at all handsome"	8
1106979926	Jane Eyre	who is being described? "she would always be plain"	9
1106979927	Jane Eyre	who said it? "I was, however, good, clever, composed, and firm, like him (Mr. Rivers). I was a lusus naturae, she affirmed, as a village schoolmistress"	10
1106979928	Jane Eyre	who is being described? "she is clever enough to be a governess in a high family"	11
1106979929	Jane Eyre	described? "you are original... and not timid. There is something brave in your spirit, as well as penetrating in your eye"	12
1106979930	Mrs. Reed	described? "she was a woman of robust frame, square-shouldered and strong limbed, not tall, and though stout, not obese: she had a somewhat large face, the under jaw being much developed and very solid; her brow was slow, her chin large and prominent, mouth and nose sufficiently regular; under her light eyebrows glimmered an eye devoid of ruth; her skin was dark and opaque, her hair nearly flaxes; her constitution was sound as a bell... an exact, clever manager"	13
1106979931	Mrs. Reed	described? "The well-known face was there: stern, relentless as ever—there was the peculiar eye which nothing could melt, and the somewhat raised, imperious, despotic eyebrow"	14
1106979932	Georgianna Reed	described? "...had a spoiled temper, a very acrid spite, a captious and insolent carriage..."	15
1106979933	Georgiana Reed	described? "Her beauty, her pink cheeks and golden curls, seemed to give delight to all who looked at her, and to purchase indemnity for every fault."	16
1106979934	Georgiana Reed	"the slim and fairy-like girl of eleven. This was a full-blown, very plump damsel, fair as waxwork, with handsome and regular features, languishing blue eyes, and ringleted yellow hair. The hue of her dress was black too; but its fashion was so different from her sister's—so much more flowing and becoming - it looked as stylish as the other's looked puritanical" described?	17
1106979935	Eliza Reed	described? "one very tall, almost as tall as Miss Ingram—very thin too, with a sallow face and severe mien. There was something ascetic in her look, which was augmented by the extreme plainness of a straight-skirted, black, stuff dress, a starched linen collar, hair comber away from the temples, and the nun-like ornament of a string of ebony beads and a crucifix"	18
1106979936	Eliza Reed	described? "the thin and pallid elder daughter"	19
1106979937	John Reed	described? "a schoolboy of fourteen years old... large and stout for his age, with a dingy and unwholesome skin; thick lineament in a spacious visage, heavy limbs and large extremities... bilious, and gave him a dim and bleared eye and flabby cheeks."	20
1106979938	John Reed	described? "____is sunk and degraded—his look is frightful"	21
1106979939	Bessie	described? "...must, I think, have been a girl of good natural capacity, for she was smart in all she did, and had a remarkable knack of narrative... She was pretty... I remember her as a slim young woman, with black hair, dark eyes, very nice features, and good, clear complexion; but she had a capricious and hasty temper and indifferent ideas of principle or justice..."	22
1106979940	Mr. Lloyd	described? "he had a hard-feat yet good-natured looking face"	23
1106979941	Mr. Broklehurst	described? "The straight, narrow, sable clad shape standing erect on the rug: the grim face at the top was like a carved mask, placed above the shaft by way of capital"	24
1106979942	Mr. Broklehurst	described? "black marble clergyman"	25
1106979943	Mr. Broklehurst	described? "is not a god: nor is he even a great and admired man: he is little liked here"	26
1106979944	Mr. Brocklehurst	Described? "he starved us when he had the sole superintendence of the provision department, before the committee was appointed; and he bored us with long lectures once a week and with evening readings from books of his own inditing about sudden deaths and judgments, which made us afraid to go to bed"	27
1106979945	Miss Temple	described? "The first was a tall lady with dark hair, dark eyes, and a pale and large forehead; her figure was party enveloped in a shawl, her countenance was grave, her bearing erect."	28
1106979946	Miss Temple	Described? "she looked tall, fair, and shapely; brown eyes with a benignant light in their irids, and a fine penciling of long lashes round, relieved the whiteness of her large front; on each of her temples her hair, of a very dark brown, was clustered in round curls..."	29
1106979947	Miss Temple	described? "her friendship and society had been my continual solace; she had stood me in the stead of mother, governess, and latterly, companion"	30
1106979948	Helen Burns	speaker? "I am... slatternly; I seldom put, and never keep, things, in order; I am careless; I forget rules; I read when I should learn my lessons; I have no method; and sometimes I say... I cannot BEAR to be subjected to systematic arrangements"	31
1106979949	Mrs. Alice Fairfax	described? "a place-tempered, kind-natured woman, of competent education and average intelligence"	32
1106979950	Rochester	described? "has gentleman's tastes and habits, and he expects to have things managed in conformity to them"	33
1106979951	Rochester	described? "his character is unimpeachable, I suppose. He is rather peculiar, perhaps: he has travelled a great deal, and seen a great deal of the world, I should think. I dare say he is clever"	34
1106979952	Rochester	described? "broad and jetty eyebrows; his square forehead, made squarer by the horizontal sweep of his black hair. I recognized his decisive nose, more remarkable for character than beauty; his full nostrils, denoting, I thought, choler; his grim mouth, chin and jaw... I perceived harmonized in squareness with his physiognomy: I suppose it was a good figure in the athletic sense of the term—broad chested and thin flanked, though neither tall nor graceful"	35
1106979953	Rochester	described? "He was proud, sardonic, and harsh to inferiority of every description... He was moody, too... But I believed that his moodiness, his harshness, and his former faults of morality... had their source in some cruel cross of fate. I believed he was naturally a man of better tendencies, higher principles and purer tastes than such as circumstances had developed, education instilled, or destiny encouraged. I thought there were excellent materials in him; though for the present they hung together somewhat spoiled and tangled"	36
1106979954	miss ingram	described? "tall, fine bust, sloping shoulders; long, graceful neck: olive complexion, dark and clear; noble features; eyes rather like Mr. Rochester's: large and black, and a brilliant as her jewels. And then she had such a fine head of hair; raven black and so becomingly arranged: a crown of thick plaits behind and in front the longest, the glossiest curls I ever saw. She was dressed in pure white; an amber-colored scarf was passed over her shoulder and across her breast tied at the side, and descending in long, fringed ends below her knee. She wore an amber-colored flower, too, in her hair: it contrasted well with the jetty mass of her curls"	37
1106979955	Miss Ingram	described? "Her purple riding-habit almost swept the ground, her veil streamed long on the breeze; mingling with its transparent folds, and gleaming through them, shone rich raven ringlets"	38
1106979956	Miss Ingram	described? "Her face was like her mother's; a youthful unfurrowed likeness: the same low brow, the same high features, the same pride. It was not, however, so saturnine a pride! She laughed continually; her laugh was satirical, and so was the habitual expression of her arched and haughty lip"	39
1106979957	Miss Ingram	described? "might be clever, but it was decidedly not good-natured. She played: her execution was brilliant; she sang: her voice was fine; she talked French apart to her mamma; and she talked it well with fluency and with a good accent"	40
1106979958	Miss Ingram	described? "I remember her appearance at the moment—it was very graceful and very striking: she wore a morning robe of sky-blue crape; a gauzy azure scarf was twisted in her hair"	41
1106979959	Grace Poole	Described? "a woman of between thirty and forty; a set, square-made figure, red-haired, and with a hard, plain face: any apparition less romantic or less ghostly could scarcely be conceived"	42
1106979960	Grace Poole	described? "her appearance always acted as a damper to the curiosity raised by her oral oddities: hard-featured and staid, she had no point to which interest could attach. I made some attempts to draw her into conversation, but she seemed a person of few words: a monosyllabic reply usually cut short every effort of that sort"	43
1106979961	Adele	described? "she was quite a child, perhaps seven or eight years old, slightly built, with a pale, small-featured face, and a redundancy of hair falling in curls to her waist"	44
1106979962	Adele	described? "became obedient and teachable. She had no great talents, no marked traits of character, no peculiar development of feeling or taste which raised her one inch above the ordinary level of childhood; but neither had she any deficiency or vice which sunk her below it. She made reasonable progress, entertained for me a vivacious, though perhaps not very profound, affection; and by her simplicity, gay prattle, and efforts to please, inspired me, in return with a degree of attachment sufficient to make us both content in each other's society"	45
1106979963	Mr. Mason	described? "his manner was polite; his accent, in speaking, struck me as being somewhat unusual, -- not precisely foreign, but still not altogether English: his age might be about Mr. Rochester's,-- between thirty and forty; his complexion was singularly sallow: otherwise he was a fine-looking man, at first sight especially. On closer examination, you detected something in his face that displeased, or rather that failed to please. His features were regular, but too relaxed: his eye was large and well cut, but the life looking out of it was a tame, vacant life—at least so I thought"	46
1106979964	Mr. Mason	described? "for a handsome and not unamiable-looking man, he repelled me exceedingly: there was no power in that smooth-skinned face of a full oval shape: no firmness in that aquiline nose and small cherry mouth; there was no thought on the low, even forehead; no command in that black, brown eye"	47
1106979965	Bertha Mason Rochester	described? "fearful and ghastly... it was a discolored face—it was a savage face. I wish I could forget the roll of the red eyes and the fearful blackened inflation of the lineaments"	48
1106979966	Bertha Mason Rochester	described? "this sir, was purple: the lips were swelled and dark; the brow furrowed: the black eyebrows widely raised over the bloodshot eyes"	49
1106979967	Bertha Mason Rochester	described? "is mad; and she came of a mad family; idiots and maniacs through three generations. Her mother, the Creole, was both a madwoman and a drunkard!—as I found out after I had wed the daughter: for they were silent on family secret before. Bertha, like a dutiful child, copied her parent in both points. I had a charming partner—pure, wise, modest: you can fancy I was a happy man. I went through rich scenes! Oh! My experience has been heavenly"	50
1106979968	Bertha Mason Rochester	described? "In a deep shade, at the farther end of the room, a figure ran backwards and forwards. What it was, whether beast or human being, one could not, at first sight, tell: it groveled, seemingly, on all fours; it snatched and growled like some strange wild animal: but it was covered with clothing, and a quantity of dark, grizzled hair, wild as a mane, hid its head and face"	51
1106979969	Bertha Mason Rochester	described? "she was a big woman, in stature almost equaling her husband, and corpulent besides"	52
1106979970	Hanna	described? "an elderly woman, somewhat rough-looking, but scrupulously clean"	53
1106979971	Hanna	speaker? "I've lived here thirty year. I nursed them all three"	54
1106979972	the rivers sisters	which 2 people are being described? (last name) "two young, graceful women, ladies in every point"	55
1106979973	Diana Rivers	described? "She had, I thought, a remarkable countenance, instinct both with power and goodness"	56
1106979974	Diana Rivers	described? Physically, she far excelled me: she was handsome; she was vigorous. In her animal spirits there was an affluence of life and certainty of flow, such as excited my wonder, while it baffled my comprehension"	57
1106979975	Mary Rivers	described? "_____'s countenance was equally intelligent—her features equally pretty; but her expression was more reserved, and her manners, though gentle, more distant"	58
1106979976	St. John Rivers	described? "Had he been a statue instead of a man, he could not have been easier. He was young—perhaps from twenty-eight to thirty—tall, slender; his face riveted the eye; it was like a Greek face, very pure in outline: quite a straight, classic nose; quite an Athenian mouth and chin. It is seldom, indeed, an English face comes as near the antique models as did his. He might well be a little shocked at the irregularity of my lineaments, his own being so harmonious. His eyes were large and blue, with brown lashes; his high forehead colorless as ivory, was partially streaked over by careless locks of fair hair"	59
1106979977	St. John Rivers	described? "he seemed of a reserved, an abstracted, and even of a brooding nature. Zealous in his ministerial labours, blameless in his life and habits, he yet did not appear to enjoy that mental serenity, that inward content, which should bet he reward of every sincere Christian and practical philanthropist."	60
1106979978	St. John Rivers	speaker? "I am not a pagan, but a Christian philosopher—a follower of the sect of Jesus. As His disciple I adopt His pure, His merciful, His benignant doctrines. I advocate them: I a sworn to spread them. Won in youth to religion, she has cultivated by original qualities thus:- From the minute germ, natural affection, she has developed the overshadowing tree, philanthropy. From the wild stringy root of human uprightness, she has reared a due sense of the Divine justice. Of the ambition to win power and renown for my wretched self, she has formed the ambition to spread my Master's kingdom; to achieve victories for the standard of the cross"	61
1106979979	St. John Rivers	described? "very cool and collected... handsome-featured face of his look... pale brow and cheek as pale, where it grieved me to discover the hollow trace of care or sorrow now so plainly graved"	62
1106979980	Rosamond oliver	described? "there appeared, within three feet of him, a form clad in pure white—a youthful graceful form: full, yet fine in contour; and when, after bending to caress Carlo, it lifted up its head, and threw back a long veil, there bloomed under his glance a face of perfect retrace or qualify it: as sweet feature as ever the temperate clime of Albion moulded; as pure hues of rose and lily as ever her humid fales and vapoury skies generated and screened, justified, in this instance, the term. No charm was wanting, not defect was perceptible; the young girl had regular and delicate lineaments; eyes shaped and coloured as we see them in lovely pictures, large, and dark, and full; the long and shadowy eyelash which encircles a fine eye with so soft a fascination; the penciled brow which gives such clearness; the white smooth forehead, which adds such repose to the liveliest beauties of tint and ray; the cheek oval, fresh, and smooth; the lops, fresh too, ruddy, healthy, sweetly formed; the even and gleaming teeth without flaw; the small dimpled chin; the ornament of rich, plenteous tresses—all advantages, in short, which, combined, realize the ideal of beauty, were fully hers"	63
1106979981	Rosamond Oliver	described? "a direct and naïve simplicity of tone and manner, pleasing, if child-like"	64
1106979982	Mr. Oliver	described? "the sole rich man in my parish... the proprietor of a needle-factory and iron-foundry in the valley"	65
1106979983	Jane Eyre	speaker? "Reader, I married him. A quiet wedding we had: he and I, the parson and clerk, were alone present"	66
1106979984	Rocherster	speaker? "You never felt jealousy, did you, Miss Eyre? Of course not: I need not ask you; because you never felt love. You have both sentiments yet to experience: your soul sleeps; the shock is yet to be given which shall waken it."	67
1106979985	Mr. Mason	speaker? "She bit me. She worried me like a tigress, when Rochester got the knife from her...She sucked the blood: she said she'd drain my heart."	68
1106979986	Jane Eyre	speaker? "If people were always kind and obedient to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way: they would never feel afraid, and so they would never alter, but would grow worse and worse. When we are struck at without a reason, we should strike back again very hard; I am sure we should - so hard as to teach the person who struck us never to do it again."	69
1106979987	Rochester	speaker? "But, Jane, I summon you as my wife: it is you only I intend to marry."	70
1106979988	Rochester	speaker? "My bride is here," he said, again drawing me to him, "because my equal is here, and my likeness. Jane, will you marry me?"	71
1106979989	Helen Burns	speaker? "If all the world hated you, and believed you wicked, while your own conscience approved you, and absolved you from guilt, you would not be without friends."	72
1106979990	Jane Eyre	speaker? "I resisted all the way: a new thing for me."	73
1106979991	she thought she would be haunted/hurt by her uncle's ghost.	Why did Jane faint in the red room?	74
1106979992	Helen Burns	speaker? "Yes; to my long home - my last home."	75
1106979993	Rochester	speaker? "I will myself put the diamond chain round your neck, and the circlet on your forehead - which it will become; for nature, at least, has stamped her patent of nobility on this brow, Jane, and I will clasp the bracelets on these fine wrists, and load these fairy-like fingers with rings."	76
1106979994	Jane Eyre	speaker? "No, no sir! think of other subjects, and speak of other things, and in another strain. Don't address me as if I were a beauty; I am your plain, Quakerish governess."	77
1106979995	Rochester	speaker? "You are a beauty in my eyes, and a beauty just after the desire of my heart -- delicate and aërial."	78
1106979996	Jane Eyre	speaker? "Punny and insignificant, you mean. You are dreaming, sir -- or you are sneering. For God's sake, don't be ironical!"	79
1106979997	Rochester & Jane	who are having the conversation below? "I will make the world acknowledge you a beauty, too," he went on, while I really became uneasy at the strain he had adopted, because I felt he was either deluding himself or trying to delude me. "I will attire my Jane in satin and lace, and she shall have roses in her hair; and I will cover the head I love best with a priceless veil."	80
1106979998	Jane Eyre	speaker? "And then you won't know me,sir: and I shall not be your ______ any longer, but an ape in a harlequin's jacket -- a jay in borrowed plumes. I would as soon see you, Mr. Rochester, tricked out in stage-trappings,as myself clad in a court-lady's robe; and I don't call you handsome, sir, though I love you most dearly: far too dearly to flatter you. Don't flatter me."	81
1106979999	Rochester	speaker? "Jane, be still; don't struggle so like a wild, frantic bird, that is rending its own plumage in its desperation."	82
1106980000	Jane Eyre	speaker? "I am no bird; and no net ensnares me; I am a free human being, with an independent will; which I now exert to leave you."	83
1106980001	Jane Eyre	speaker? "I must keep in good health and not die."	84
1106980002	Rochester	speaker? "Well, Jane! not a word of reproach? Nothing bitter--nothing poignant? Nothing to cut a feeling or sting a passion? You sit quietly where I have placed you, and regard me with a weary, passive look."	85
1106980003	Rochester	Speaker? "Because, he said, "I sometimes have a queer feeling with regard to you - especially when you are near me, as now: it is as if I had a string somewhere under my left ribs, tightly and inextricably knotted to a similar string situated in the corresponding quarter of your little frame. And if that boisterous channel, and two hundred miles or so of land some broad between us, I am afraid that cord of communion will be snapt; and then I've a nervous notion I should take to bleeding inwardly. As for you, - you'd forget me."	86

Powered by Quizlet.com

APWH The Earth and Its People 4th Edition Ch.5-8 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

3056090632	Organization of the Roman Republic	Was not a democracy. More of an oligarchy. Roman senate was the center of power. "Council of Elders" aka Senate (Dictator) made policies and governed. Each yr a Senator governed a province.Sovereign power resided in assemblies of all males. Civic officials were elected annually. Hierarchy of state officials evolved. Members of the senate served for life and brought wealth, influence, and political/ military experience. Highest political rank was to be a consuls. Patricians called the shots in government. Plebeians were the lower class. Peasants served in the military. Romans shared citizenship w/ outsiders unlike the Greek.	0
3069354653	Patron/client relationship (patricians and plebeians)-	The plebeians were the lower class who had little political rights, until tribunes gave them a higher voice, while the patricians were the elite class, who controlled political offices----Clients sought protection/ help of Patrons (Men of wealth/influence). Senators had hundreds of clients; Patrons provided legal advice/ representation, protection, and loans of money during difficult times. The client in return followed the patron into battle, worked his land, supported the patron politically, and contributed to the dowry of his daughter.	1
3056090633	Paterfamilias	The oldest male head of households in Roman Civilization. They had absolute control over women. Women were treated like children in the eyes of law and couldn't own property, nor represent themselves in legal affairs, but had greater protection and economic freedom than the Greeks.	2
3056093089	Numina/ Roman Polythesism	Romans believe in Numina, invisible, shapeless forces. They made small offerings to win the favor of spirits. Jupiter was their sky god, and Mars was their god of war and agriculture. Maintained peace with Gods with "PAX DEORUM". In return Gods would bring success to Roman states.	3
3069237731	Pax deorum	A covenant between Gods and Roman state	4
3056093090	The Tweleve Tables	Small group of legal experts came together and analyzed laws, legal procedures to determine central principles. These new principles were applied to new laws, required by a change in society. Decrees of the senate; bills passed by the assembly and annual proclamations of the praetor-elected officials responsible for hearing cases and administering law. They were consulted to legal action.	5
3069110225	Carthagians	descendants of the Phoenicians, who dominated commerce of the Western Mediterranean; controlled Sicily, Sardinia, and Spain	6
3056094364	Punic Wars	Romans vs Carthage battled over the lands of Sicily; Rome lost war I, in which their navies were destroyed. War II, Carthage had expanded into Spain, using mercenaries to beat Rome. Hannibal(Carthaginian commander) wins. The Romans finally win after attacking Carthage. War III Romans sow the Carthaginian fields with salt & destroy their cities and sell their ppls. Now Rome owned all of the Mediterranean.	7
3069119848	Gaius Julius Caesar	Rome's most brilliant general, led the 1st territorial acquisitions in Europe's heartland and was commander of the conquest of the celtic ppl of Gaul.	8
3069349534	Augustus Caesar (Octavian)-	Octavian; Military dictator and nephew of Caesar. Given the title "Augustus" by Roman Senate. Set about refreshing the Roman government system; fundamentally altered the realities of power, but kept forms of the republic. During his reign; Egypt, Parts of the Middle East, and Central Europe were added to the empire. South half of Britain and Romania were added later.	9
3069366354	Pax Romana	"Roman Peace" stability Guaranteed by Roman might. Pax Romana enhanced commerce. Romans could only exchange food locally; Rome was dependent on imports of massive quantities of grain from Sicily & Egypt.	10
3056094365	Slavery and Rome	As Peasants of the military served for long periods they lost land from investors. Money from conquest/ control contributed to Latifundia, in which the poor got poorer, and the rich became richer. Work was hard to find b/c of cheap slave labor. After the era of conquest more land caused for more sources of labor. Slaves worked the land. grew agriculture and were the foundation of economy.	11
3056096139	Latifundia	Broad estates purchased by wealthy people and worked by slaves. They contributed great profit.	12
3069253032	Fear; in order to provide a buffer against attack	What drove Roman expansion	13
3069260657	Male citizens with a certain amount of land were subject to military service.	What determined Roman military	14
3069264908	Greek vs Roman Military	Battle line was more flexible than the Greek phalanx; Romans could maneuver in units independently	15
3069272597	Romans conquest of Italy was sparked by	Apennines' tribes and farmers' of the coastal plains ongoing friction. Rome organized a defense with central Italians cities in defense against Apennine tribes.	16
3069389980	Romanization	The spread of Latin Language and Roman life although, Greek culture continued to dominate the Meditteranean	17
3069288926	Marius and Sulla	Marius was a "new man"(political leader who didn't belong to a ruling class). He achieved political prominence and promise poor, property-less men farms upon retirement. Troops were devoted to him, which led him to be elected to an illegal six-consulship ---- Sulla commanded armies more loyal to him than the states; Overtook Rome with dictatorial regimes and killed politicians he disliked.	18
3056097079	Emergence of Christianity/ Persecution	Romans opposed Jewish beliefs. Jesus of Nazareth attracted a significant number of Jewish followers; Threatened Jewish priest because of the stories of his miracles. Referred to as Son of God & King of kings. He was arrested, tried, and crucified by Roman king. His disciples scattered, spreading Christianity, eventually becoming the religion of Rome. Christians were viewed as political radicals. Romans conquest of Judea, as christian based site, left a clear field for the disciple, Paul's conversions. As result, Christianity spread. Early Christians were persecuted by Roman officials bc of refusal to worship emperor.	19
3070060072	Edict of Milan	Launched by Diocletian, ended persecution of Christians	20
3070006660	Municipal aristocracy	Privileged groups of peoples who endowed cities and towns with attractive elements of Roman "urban life:, forum, govt. buildings, temples, gardens, baths, theaters, public entertainment, and amphitheaters.	21
3056097080	Third-century crisis	Era in which political, military, and economic problems nearly destroyed the Roman empire. A frequent change of ruler occurred; they ruled until overthrown or murdered by troops. (20+ during this period). Germanic tribes took control of frequent civil wars and periods of anarchy(chaos) to raid deep into the empire. Loyalty bought of armies to defend frontiers drained treasury. Demand of taxes from provinces and interruption of commerce by fights ended prospering towns. Coinage value became inflated; long distant trade was reduced. The municipal aristocracy was crushed out of existence. Reduced trade, reduced wealth of ppl. Ppl hid and the population shifted to the countryside.	22
3056099135	Diocletian	Diocletian had risen through army ranks and managed to restored Rome after the Third century crisis. He ruled for 20yr + until death. He divided the Roman empire into West (Italy - Spain) and East regions; he implemented radical reforms, specified maximum prices that goods could be charged to stop inflation, to ensure an adequate number of workers; he pressed workers to have their sons succeed them.	23
3070048848	Costantine	Succeeded Diocletian and reunited the empire. He launched the Edict of Milan Ending the persecution of christians. He supported the Christian church, while tolerating other beliefs. His rule produced a large number of converts, as people saw the privileges of Christians. Constantine transferred the capital from Rome to Byzantium(ancient greek city ). His city, Constantinople, of the eastern region, prospered and better w/stood the third century crisis	24
3056099136	Qin Shi Huangdi	founded the 1st Chinese Empire; built on a great cost in human lives and labor. Shi Huangdi along with, Li Shi, created a totalitarian structure that subordinated to the individual needs of the state. He opposed Confucianism, and instead pursued Legalism, in which the ruler was supreme and it necessary to impose discipline & obedience on subjects through rewards and punishments.	25
3070131092	Imperial China	a tradition of political and cultural unity and continuity that lasted into the early 20th century.	26
3070166656	Basic Values of Chinese Life	Respect elders, be loyal and obedient, have concern for honor, and appropiate conduct	27
3056100640	Legalism	Followed by the Qin dynasty; it insisted that the ruler was supreme and imposition of discipline/ obedience on subjects through rewards and punishments, was necessary. This pressed a new regime to eliminate rival centers of authority	28
3056100641	Confusicianism	Han followed Confucianism with a legalist ideology; it became an influential during the imperial period. Confucianism laid down rules of conduct and hierarchy, as a natural aspect of human society . It was the demands of benevolence and non-violence conduct of rulers for absolute power. Ppl were an individual unit instead of individual agents. It maintained the idea that ppl could be guided to the right path through education, imitation of proper role models, and self improvement. It also stressed the importance of women participating in public life.	29
3056102748	Technological innovation of the Han	Han continued the Qin's extensive program of road building. It enabled rapid movement of the military and supplies. They used higher carbon contents to produce steel and liquefied iron into molds, making their tools stronger, than those of the Romans. The crossbow and Calvary helped the military repel nomads. The watermill harnessed running water and the horse-collar allowed horses to pull heavier loads, than European horses.	30
3056102749	Vedic Age	Anything before the Vedas is considered pre-vedic; Vedas were religious text; Main source of info during the Vedic Age, in which the foundations of India were laid. One form of the Vedas; The Rig Veda, is a collection of poetic hymns to various deities.	31
3056105440	Varna/ Caste System (jatí)	Indian's system of social divisions aka as Varna were connected to the ideology of reincarnation; skin color was a foundation of this system. At the top were the Brahmin (priests and scholars), next were the Kshatriya (warriors and officials), the Vaishya(merchants and artisans) followed, and last were the Shudra(peasants and laborers) an additional class included peoples responsible for demeaning jobs, because they had committed some act that was defiling; They were known as the "untouchables". Each Varna could be divided into smaller groups known as Jatís(birth groups).	32
3070250590	Jatí	Subdivision of Varnas; Jatis married, lived, ate, and only interacted with members of their groups. Indians believed intermixing groups would taint higher jatis and would cause them to go under elaborate rituals for purification.	33
3056105441	Dharma & Karma	the philosophy of Dharma and Karma kept social order within the caste system. Dharma determined Karma(the sum of your actions or deeds), in which if the two did not balance out you would decrease in the caste system, once you were reincarnated.	34
3056107121	Moksha	Endless, dreamless sleep, in which the believers of Hinduism aspired to achieve to escape the reincarnation cycle of rebirths	35
3056107122	Nirvana	Achievement of perpetual tranquility and an end to suffering. The ultimate reward of Buddhism. In contrast to Reincarnation, this suffering was over as soon as it was achieved.	36
3056108419	Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)	Siddhartha Gautama aka Buddha, "the enlightened one", gave up his fulfilling life, in search of an answer to why people suffer. After a vision he begins to follow the FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS: Life is suffering; Suffering arises from desire; the solution to non-suffering is curbing desire; the "eight-fold path" can curb desire. Buddha's teachings lead to the spread of Buddhism, one of the world's largest religions.	37
3056111685	Four Noble Truths	FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS: Life is suffering; Suffering arises from desire; the solution to non-suffering is curbing desire; the "eight-fold path" can curb desire. Buddha's teachings lead to the spread of Buddhism, one of the world's largest religions.	38
3056113781	Mahayana	Religion of Buddhism; embraced new popular features	39
3056113780	Thervada	Philosophy of Buddhism; followed original teachings	40
3070335463	Differences between Hinduism and Buddhism	Mauryan peoples were Buddhists, while Gupta monarchs were Hindus. Hinduism was a religion, while Buddhism was more of a philosophy. Hindus believed in reincarnation and their goal was to achieve Moksha, an eternal endless sleep. This practice consisted of many divine deities. Buddhists strived to achieve, Nirvana, and end to suffering. While in the Hindu religion people believe to be reincarnated until goal was fulfilled, in Buddhism once Nirvana was achieved, all suffering is over. Both religions, however, believe in a spiritual collectiveness by achieving unity.	41
3056116776	Mauryan dynasty	Chandragupta gained control and expanded the Magadha into the Mauryan Empire, India's 1st centralized empire, inspired by Alexander the Great. Mauryans were Buddhists Ashoka, Chandragupta's grandson, ruled next and extended the empires boundaries. After his death the empire collasped from dynastic disputes.	42
3070393600	Ashoka	Grandson of Chandragupta, in which he succeed him as emperor of the Maurya dynasty; He extended the empire's boundaries. After his conquest of Kaluga, he converted to Buddhist faith, preaching non-violence, morality, moderation, and religious tolerance.	43
3056118656	Guptan dynasty	Chandra Gupta borrowed the name of the Mauryan emperor; never controlled territories as extensive as the Mauryans. Gupta monarchs were Hindus. Sandra Chandra II and Kumar Gupta succeeded him in a reign of 40yrs. They advertised as theatre states. The end of their empire transpired because of nomadic invaders known as the huns, and their defense of these invaders exhausted the imperial treasury.	44
3056119670	theatre-state	Portrayed an image of non-realistic power. State directed towards making beliefs of rituals, dramatic ceremonies, and cultural events advertising for benefits of association with the empire.	45
3056119671	zero	Indians contributed the number 0 to mathematics	46
3056119672	Sassanids	The Sassanids were a people of the same region that brought rise to the Archaemendis; they originated as nomads. They brought rivalry between Rome and Parthians and conflict of trade along the Silk Road. The Sassanid ruler, Ardashir defeated the Parthians. Sassanid silver work and silk fabrics testify to a sedentary lifestyle. Sassanid farmers produced crops that later became important to trade. Zoroastrianism was the Sassanid's religion, in which they used their religion as instrument in politics.	47
3056123601	Commerce on the Silk Road	Social system and trade route that connected China to the Middle East. It fostered the exchange of agricultural good, manufactured products, and ideas.The Silk Road had to face the manipulative factors of supply and demand (multiplied prices and lack of supply) and interference with trade routes.The Silk Road still managed to work. Chinese General, Zhang Jian, launched 18 expeditions, involving the Silk Road, which brought new plants and trees into China. Mesopotamia also reaped the benefit of new crops from the Silk Road, while Sassanid (who conquered the Parthians) farmers imported cotton, sugar cane, and rice from India and China. The Silk Road was social system; not only transporting goods, but ideas of religion, technology, government, and culture. Zoroastrianism, the religion of the Sassanid, spread along the Silk Road. Thus, missionaries were given the opportunities to influence customs and beliefs along the trade route.	48
3056124745	Cultural Impact of the Indian Ocean trade	Indian Ocean maritime network assisted to established social ties between the coastal lands. Traders were multilingual and covered greater distances, as they established colonies. Its social impact enabled sailors to marry women at local port cities, by which established bilingual/ bicultural families and produced mixed heritages with rich cultural diversity.	49
3056124746	Peoples of the Sahara	Pastoral societies engaged in dance and crafts such as mask. Domesticated Camels for travel. Ppl focused on salt manufacture. Ppl had Great and Small Traditions. Their cultural region was distinct without the need of imperial conquest or the characterization of a great tradition, instead cultural unity rested on small traditions; Ppl had different languages(2000+), production and cultivation systems. Sub-Saharan Africa covered the most area of diverse ppl in the 1st milenium	50
3070779749	small traditions	local customs and beliefs	51
3070783372	great traditions	were shared by educated elites within each region, these practices of: written languages, common legal/ belief systems, ethical codes, and other intellectual attitudes, that overpowered small traditions	52
3056125873	Sahel	Sahara ppl either recieved products from eachother or from the Sahel, "The Coast", the south border of the Sahara	53
3056125874	Bantu	Bantu meant "People", in most of their languages. The Bantu were the Niger Congo family. They spoke more than 300 languages in the south equator. Pro-Bantus, the 1st Bantus of the Nigeria and Cameroon boundary, lived in permanent villages on the edge of rain forest. They grew yam & grains, along with harvesting palm nuts for oil. They engaged in fishing and canoeing, as well. The Bantu domesticated goats and dogs. The Bantu people served as a mechanism for the spread of iron south. Thus the transfer of Bantu traditions & practices spread south, east, and west into Pan- African traditions and practices.	54
3056128047	Emergence of Islam	Everything is connected w/in Islamic societies; Muhammed of the Bedouins has a vision and is told to save humankind by God. From then on he is determined to convert others. After the Hijra he finds more accepting followers. Islam rook form in interior Arab lands.	55
3071005223	Empty quarter	enormous sea of sand that isolated South regions from the arab interior	56
3056130081	Hijra	"The flight" The flee of Muhammed and his followers from Mecca to Medina, because he is viewed as a threat. In Medina he finds a more accepting audience in the Bedouins and Islam begins to see advancements	57
3056128048	Mecca	Controlled by the Quaraysh; Pilgrimage site; Carvan city, between Yemen & Syria; A Holy land of Islam, birthplace of Muhammed; and destination of the Ka'aba	58
3056128049	Medina	Where Muhammed finds an accepting audience in the bedouins	59
3056128050	Ka'aba	"House of God" Black meteorite temple ; Symbolic of Gods power and Bedouins pilgrimage to Mecca	60
3070894434	Allah	"One True God"	61
3070891321	Islam	"One Who submits to God"	62
3056130080	Five Pillars of Faith	1 Profession of Faith(God is God and Muhammed is prophet) 2 Must pray 5 times a day at minimum facing towards Mecca 3 Must participate in Ramadan 4 Pay homage and alms to the poor 5 Must pilgrimage to Mecca during lifetime	63
3070921211	Caliph	"Successor" ruler in arabic societies	64
3070934544	Jihad	"Doing Gods work", Jihad keeps muslims from conflict and spreads Islam.	65
3056133475	Shi'ite	Led by Mu'auaiyah Believe that Ali and his descendants should hold power;often conflict with Sunnite over political views	66
3056133474	Sunnite	"ppl of the community" Oppose Ali's power. They formed into Khajirite sects and claimed rightousness for themselves solely and often conflicted with Shi'ite over political views; Sunni created large territorial estates and were in control and had strong belief in umma	67
3071154319	three divisions of islam	sunnite, shi'ite, & khajirite	68
3071177664	prophets	men of political/ economic sophistication; inspired by charisma	69
3056131902	Umma	A community defined soley by acceptance of Islam and Muhammed as the messenger of God. After the Hijra, Meccan immigrants & Medians formed a single umma.	70
3056131903	Ulama	Social groups of religious scholars. "ppl w/ religious knowledge". In cities of ulamas religious anc cultural developments rose and they worked against permanent division of the Islamic umma	71
3056133476	Umayyad	established by Mu'auaiyah; ethnically defined Arab realm instead of religious empire. Ruled from Damas and adpoted Sassanid/ Byzantine practices. Introduced muslim coinage, symbolizing new order. Dynasty fell after growing unrest; Khajirites and Shi'ites overthrew the last Umayyad caliph	72
3071620132	Golden Age	period of greats and prosperity in which non arab muslims are appointed to power	73
3056135132	Abbasid	established by Shi'ites after the overthrow of the Umayyad, ruled until killed by Mongol invaders; during their rule theology & religious law became preoccupations at the court and community of scholars. Works of great Greeks, Persians, and Indians were transferred into Arabic. They adopted Sassanid Shah customs/ ceremonies. Abbasid declined as Islam accelerated. Trade decreased, Postal system distance shortened, news took days to reach caliphs, administered struggle to centralize tax payments Abbasid Caliphate fell bc of failure to find a strong authority to reform government and restore military.	74
3056135133	Umayyad Spain	Blended Roman, Germanic, and Jewish traditons with Arabs & Bebers. Spanish Umayyads represent political diversity & local awareness of the Abassid decline.	75
3056136048	Shari'a	islamic law; law reflects religion and laws are problematic; Quar'an, Hadith, and Tradition are the basis of Sharia	76
3071676899	hadith	seperate from the quar'an; collected text by close ppl of muhammed based on muhammed's rightdoings	77
3056136049	Seljuk Turks	Established a Turkish muslim state based on nomadic power; created kingdom from North Afghanistan to Baghdad- Seljuk rulers fought over cities, cities shrank, Pastoralists overran agriculture, Irrigation suffered from lack of maintenance, and tax revenues fail. Few participated in religious life. Baghdad collaspe reflected the collapse of the canal system	78
3056136050	Sufism	strict self discipline	79

Powered by Quizlet.com

Psychology themes and variations chapter 5 key terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

1013246239	Alcohol	(depressant) produces relaxation, slows down activity in the judgment area of cortex, reduces behavioural inhibitions	0
1013246240	Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)	afferent fibers running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal, without these you have continuous sleep	1
1013246241	Biological rhythms	Periodic physiological fluctuations	2
1013246242	Cannabis	The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived.	3
1013246243	Circadian rhythms	The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species.	4
1013246244	Dissociation	A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.	5
1013246245	Electroencephalograph (EEG)	Recording of the electrical activity of the brain	6
1013246246	Electromyograph (EMG)	EMG aids in the diagnosis of neuromuscular, lower motor neuron, and peripheral nerve disorders; usually with nerve conduction studies	7
1013246247	Electrooculograph (EOG)	An instrument that measures eye movements	8
1013246248	Hallucinogens	A diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.	9
1013246249	Hypnosis	A state of consciousness resulting from a narrowed focus of attention and characterized by heightened suggestibility.	10
1013246250	Insomnia	A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, by waking too early, or by sleep that is light, restless, or of poor quality.	11
1013246251	Latent content	According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream	12
1013246252	Lucid dreams	Dreams in which people can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming, yet they remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream.	13
1013246253	Manifest content	According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream	14
1013246254	MDMA	A compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline; commonly called "ecstasy."	15
1013246255	Meditation	A mental exercise for producing relaxation or heightened awareness.	16
1013246256	Narcolepsy	A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.	17
1013246257	Narcotics	Drug substance, either derived from opium or produced synthetically, that alters perception of pain and that with repeated use may result in physical and psychological dependence.	18
1013246258	Night terrors	A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered	19
1013246259	Nightmares	Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep.	20
1013246260	Non-REM (NREM) sleep	Sleep stages 1 through 4, which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity.	21
1013246261	Opiates	Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.	22
1013246262	Physical dependence	A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued	23
1013246263	Psychoactive drugs	Chemicals that affect the nervous system and result in altered consciousness	24
1013246264	Psychological dependence	The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug.	25
1013246265	REM sleep	Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.	26
1013246266	Sedatives	Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.	27
1013246267	Sleep apnea	A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.	28
1013246268	Slow-wave sleep (SWS)	Sleep stages 3 and 4, during which low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings.	29
1013246269	Somnambulism	Arising and walking about while remaining asleep; sleepwalking.	30
1013246270	Stimulants	A category of psychoactive drugs that increase brain activity, arouse behavior, and increase mental alertness.	31
1013246271	Tolerance	A progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug.	32
1013246272	Theodore Barber	leading advocate of the view that hypnosis produces a normal mental state in which suggestible people act out the role of a hypnotic subject and behave as they think hypnotized people are supposed to.	33
1013246273	Rosalind Cartwright	studied the function of dreaming and REM sleep funded by NSF, NIH and NIMH. Worked with sleepwalking violence, dreams that help the depressed recover, and snoring that disturbs the sleep of the partner and innovative treatments for sleep apnea	34
1013246274	William Dement	Sleep researcher who discovered and coined the phrase "rapid eye movement" (REM) sleep.	35
1013246275	Sigmund Freud	Believed that the principal purpose of dreams was wish fufillment; distinguished between latent and manifest content	36
1013246276	Calvin Hall	the problem centered dream theory, simple examples of activities and problems from the day, linked with life stresses, we dream what we're occupied by (death, illness, etc)	37
1013246277	Ernest Hilgard	believed hypnosis invovles not only social influences but also a special state of dissociation	38
1013246278	J. Alan Hobson	His activation-synthesis model proposes that dreams are only side effects of neural activation.	39
1013246279	William James	- Viewed the mind as a stream which cannot be meaningfully broken down into distinct component	40

Powered by Quizlet.com

Chapter 7 AP BIO: Membrane Structure and Function Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

3014057843	Selective Permeability	Allows substances to cross it easier than others Ex: Plasma membrane	0
3014068312	Amphipathic Molecules	Contains a hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions; making up majority of phospholipids.	1
3014082088	Fluid Mosaic Model	A membrane that is a fluid structure with a "mosaic" of proteins embedded into it.	2
3014085068	Membranes	Composed of proteins and lipids, deducing that membranes like plasma membranes are a phospholipid bilayer.	3
3046878882	Peripheral Proteins	Proteins bound to the surface of a membrane; hydrophilic properties allow interaction with membrane	4
3046890654	Integral Proteins	Proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic core of the membrane; amphipathic properties	5
3046896337	Six Functions of Membrane Proteins	Transport:Aquaporins Enzymatic Activity:Sucrase Signal Transduction:Ligand Cell-cell Recognition:Glyoproteins; Glycolipids Intercellular Joining:Desmosomes	6
3046904828	Membrane Carbohydrates	Formation of glycolipids from covalently bonding to a lipid Likewise for proteins (glycoproteins)	7
3046922894	Transport Proteins	Allow movement of hydrophilic substances thru and across a plasma membrane; each protein is UNIQUE and specific for each movement of a substance.	8
3063398818	Recognization	Surface molecules studding the surface such as Carbohydrates distinguish each other in cell-cell recognition / communication.	9
3063410580	Hydrophobic Membrane Ability	Hydrophobic substances like Hydrocarbons can quickly pass through the plasma membrane; they can also dissolve quickly into the Lipid Bilayer; However polar molecules cannot easily cross a membrane.	10
3063430647	Aquaporins	Proteins that facilitate the passage of water; such as molecules of ANP, and ADH	11
3063434646	Carrier Proteins	Changes the shape of molecules that have been bound to them allowing them to move across the membrane. Changes the solute-binding site across a membrane.	12
3063447287	Channel Proteins	Hydrophilic channels that ions or molecules can use as a passage through a membrane.	13
3063452217	Transport Proteins ::	-Disease are caused by malfunction in the systems. Channel Proteins Aquaporins Carrier Proteins	14
3063455441	Diffusion	Tendency for molecules to spread out into available space (the gradient); movement is random and is comparable to a : Mosh Pit	15
3063463907	Concentration Gradient	Difference of concentration in one region compared to another region; no processes are needed because molecules contain Kinetic Energy already.	16
3063472664	Osmosis	Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; water diffuses from a concentration of low gradient to a high concentration gradient.	17
3063493263	Passive Transport	Diffusion of a substance across a membrane; requires no energy because it does this naturally (passively).	18
3063497870	Tonicity	Ability for a cell to gain or lose water; it's controlled through the ability of an solution.	19
3063502667	Isotonic Solution	Concentration of Solute is the same, outside and inside, and has no net water movement (diffusion).	20
3063508464	Hypertonic Solution	Concentration of Solute is greater outside than inside, however the cell lacks water and loses water in turn.	21
3063513886	Hypotonic Solution	Concentration of Solute is less than that inside the cell, in turn the cell gains water.	22
3063532104	Hypo/Hyper-tonic Cell	Creates the osmotic problems within and for organisms, creates cellular inhibitation; Paramecium : Hypertonic to pondwater.	23
3063539165	Osmoregulation	Control of the balance of water, a necessity for adaptation of life in a variety of environments.	24
3063546275	Cell Walls	Useful for maintaining the balance of water In Hypotonic solution: The walls expand and makes the walls rigid. In Isotonic solution: There is no net movement of water making the walls flaccid. In Hypertonic solution: Cells pull away and in turn forming Plasmolysis.	25
3063558983	Facilitated Diffusion	Proteins increase passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane with the usage of transport proteins. Specialized proteins can also move solutes against a gradient.	26
3063577105	Ion Channels	Gates channels that allow and inhibit passage of molecules based on stimulus response.	27
3063582128	Active Transport	Movement of substances against the concentration gradient, uses energy and is performed by specific proteins embedded into the membrane.	28
3063695055	Sodium-Potassium Pump	A active transport system, the active transport performer that does the function.	29
3063702814	Membrane Potential	Voltage distribution and differences across a membrane; ex. Muscles and nervous system.	30
3063705449	Voltage	Formed through distribution differences of positive (cations) and negative (anions) ions.	31
3063710894	Electrochemical Gradient	Two forces that drive diffusion of ios across a membrane; Chemical Force (Concentration gradient) and Electrical Force (Effects of membrane potential on an ion).	32
3063718432	Electrogenic Pumps	Proteins that transport voltages across a membrane; Pumps such as sodium-potassium pumps are major for animal cells, proton-pump is for plants, fungi, and bacteria.	33
3063726982	Cotransport	When a solute undergoing active-transport also drives transportation of another solute indirectly ex. Plants when gradient of H ions produced by proton pumps drive active-transportation of goods into the cell.	34
3063736292	Lipid Bilayer	Allows small molecules and water to enter or leave with transport proteins (or bilayer). Vesicles help carry through large molecules in bulk transport; Bulk transport requires adequate amounts of energy.	35
3063746270	Exocytosis	Process by which transport vesicles bind to membranes; Binding results in the releasing of contents of a the transport vesicle. Secretory cells use this to export end products.	36
3063752613	Endocytosis	Cell absorbs macromolecules through formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane; TL DR complete opposite of exocytosis as well as differing proteins.	37
3063760505	Types of Cytosis	Phagocytosis (Eating) Pinoycytosis (Drinking) Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis	38
3063765732	Phagocytosis	Cell engulfs another particle (cell) within a vacuole; the vacuole fuses with lysosomes to digest and breakdown the particle...Metabolic process	39
3063772229	Pinoycytosis	Extracellular fluid is filled into vesicles (tiny membraneous sacs) when molecules are taken up, such as microvili, embryonic cells, and hormonal cells.	40
3063781136	Receptor-Mediate Endocytosis	The binding of ligands to receptors creates a vesicle formation; such as Cholesterol, familial hypocholesterolemia.	41
3063787381	Ligand	Molecules that specifically bind to a receptor site of a molecule.	42

Powered by Quizlet.com

Sport Marketing Exam Ch. 1-6 Flashcards

Mullin, Hardy, Sutton

Terms : Hide Images

2222686193	Sport Marketing	Consists of all activities designed to meet the needs and wants of sport consumers through exchange processes	0
2222689752	Marketing WITH/THROUGH Sport	-Manufacturer -Product -Service -Country	1
2222691971	Marketing OF Sport	-Federation -League -Team/Club -Event	2
2222693577	Sport Producers	-Producers of investment goods (facilities and equipment) -Producers of consumer goods (sport apparel, nutrition)	3
2222709536	Sport Services	-Services with ACTIVE sport consumers (profit and non-profit) -Services with PASSIVE sport consumers(events,media) -Consulting and mediation services (agencies)	4
2222716053	Sport Product	-Intangible, ephemeral, experiential, and subjective nature -Strong personal and emotional identification -Dependence on social facilitation. - Inconsistency and unpredictability. - Core-product control beyond marketer's hands.	5
2222722781	BIRGing	Basking in reflected glory (we won)	6
2222724509	CORFing	Cutting off reflected failure (they lost)	7
2222728768	Sport Market	-Many sport organizations simultaneously compete and cooperate (coopetition) -Sport has a universal appeal	8
2222767129	Sport Financing	-Pricing the individual sport product unit by traditional job costing is difficult -The price of the sport product is invariably small in comparison with the total cost paid by the consumer -Indirect revenues are frequently greater than direct operating revenues (media and sponsors).	9
2222813193	Sport Promotion	-The widespread media exposure is a double-edged sword (free promotion thru newspapers ect) - Media and sponsors emphasize celebrities	10
2222817263	Marketing Communications (Above the line 'classics')	-Ads -Sales Promotions -Public Relations -Exhibitions	11
2222822276	Marketing Communications (Below the line 'non-classics')	-Events -Product placement -Sponsoring -Customer Clubs -Employee Communications	12
2222833921	Goods-Dominant Logic	- Purpose of economic activity is to make and distribute units of output, preferably tangible (i.e. goods) -Goal is to maximize profit through the efficient production and distribution of goods - goods should be standardized, produced away from the market, and inventoried till demanded -Firms exist to make and sell goods	13
2222841553	Service-Dominant Logic	-See value as always co-created -Value-in-use / value-in-exchange -See goods as appliances for service delivery. -Implies all economies are service economies. -All businesses are service businesses	14
2222845817	Co-creation	is a management initiative, or form of economic strategy, that brings different parties together in order to jointly produce a mutually valued outcome.	15
2222852780	Strategic Marketing Management	The development of a comprehensive, strategic, and creative marketing plan. This plan must involve a process that combines both strategy (the big picture) and tactics (the details of a plan)	16
2222885782	Strategic Marketing Management Process:	1. Develop Vision, Position, and Purpose (Establishing the Organization's Direction) 2. Develop Strategic Goals and Objectives 3. Develop a Ticket Marketing, Sales, and Service Plan 4. Integrate the Marketing Plan into a Broader, Strategic Resource Allocation 5. Control and Evaluate Implementation of the Plan	17
2222898597	Develop Vision, Position, and Purpose	-SWOT analysis -Macro environmental factors (e.g. political, legal, economic) -Micro environmental factors (e.g. finance, HR, knowledge) -Industry analysis (e.g. customers, suppliers, competitors)	18
2222906984	Develop Strategic Goals and Objectives	-identification of strategic options -Corporate-level (getting bigger or getting smaller?) -Business-level (differentiation / cost leader / focus) -Functional-level (implementation into functional areas) -production, marketing, R&D, accounting, finance, HR, etc	19
2222908427	Develop a Ticket Marketing, Sales, and Service Plan	-Market Segmentation and Determining Key Targets -Market Development Using the Escalator Concept -Product Development and Positioning -The P's in the Sport Marketing Mix	20
2222911393	Integrate the Marketing Plan into a Broader, Strategic Resource Allocation	-Include research and input from all the key stakeholders (Ticket buyers, users, partners / sponsors, media, rights holders, community, etc.) -Support from senior and middle managers -Input from program directors	21
2222915717	Control and Evaluate Implementation of the Plan	-Continuous monitoring and evaluation of the activities and performance, e.g. - financial measures - stakeholder satisfaction - value measurement -Feedback for changes and adjustment -Trend analysis (social, political & legal, economic, technological, geographic factors)	22
2222951378	Escalator Concept	Sport organizations should invest first in nurturing existing consumers. Second is focusing on casual fans to make them more avid fans. Finally create new fans. -Retain -Grow -Acquire	23
2223038875	Paradigm of Consumer Behavior Research	• Who? Who takes part in the decision making process? • Buys what? Which products and services are purchased? • Why? Reasons, motivations, utility expectations? • How? Decision Making process itself? • How much? Amount of products and services? • When? Time of purchase and frequency of purchase? • Where? Choice of location / supplier?	24
2223048271	Consumer Behavior	-Individual Factors -Influences by social groups	25
2223051264	Individual Factors	-Motivation -Perception -Attitude -Learning -Emotion -Self-Concept -Social Identity	26
2223054113	Influences by Social Groups	-Reference Groups -Socialization Process -Subcultures in Sports	27
2223067462	Understanding the Sport Consumer	1.Involvement 2.Identification 3.Loyalty	28
2223076483	Situational Factors	-Physical surroundings -Social surroundings -Task requirements / Problem solving requirements -Temporal perspective (time pressure, Season, ...) -Antecedent states (Mood, Budget, Tiredness, Illness, ....)	29
2223078371	Internal Factors	-Motivations -Perceptions -Attitudes -Experiences -Involvement -Identification	30
2223082198	External Factors	-Reference groups -Socialization -Subcultures -Marketing Efforts	31
2223085191	Environmental Factors	-Significant Others -Cultural Norms and Values -Class -Race and Ethnicity -Gender and Sexuality -Culture in the Global Marketplace -Market Behavior	32
2223088255	SOR (Stimulus Organism Response)	-Stimulus=Offer -Organism=Attitude (feeling, thinking, acting) -Response=Action	33
2223109121	Decision Making Process	1. Need of recognition 2. Information seeking 3. Evaluation of alternatives 4. Purchase 5. Post-purchase Evaluation(cognitive dissonance, satisfaction) -Repurchase -Recommendation	34
2223119271	Syndicated data	Secondary Data (US Census, demographics ect)	35
2223124562	Custom Research	Primary Data	36
2223126654	Quantitative Research	-Online -Intercepts (interviewing respondents in person) -Telephone (calling a respondent to administer a survey) -Direct Mail (print and mail surveys, return envelope with postage, enter data manually into a system for data analysis)	37
2223130696	Qualitative Research	-In-Depth Interviews -Focus Groups -Ethnography (observing respondents in their real-life environment) -Videography (a form of visual anthropology encompassing the collection, analysis, and presentation of visual data)	38
2223137122	Business to Business Research- B2B	-Corporate Partners -Vendors -Premium seat holders	39
2223150314	Market Research Process	1. Defining the problem 2. Choosing the research design type 3. Identifying data collection methods 4. Designing data collection forms 5. Collecting, analyzing, and interpreting 6. Preparing the research report	40
2223173506	Market Segmentation	The process of dividing a large, heterogeneous market into more homogeneous groups of people, who have similar wants, needs, or demographic profiles. -Primary goals: Maximize customer satisfaction and maximize market response. -Pre-requisites: Indentifiability, accessibility, and responsiveness of potential segment	41
2223188508	Socio-Demographic	1. Age 2. Gender 3. Family size 4. Income 5. Profession 6. Education 7. Religion 8. Ethnicity	42
2223191025	Psycographic	1. Social Class 2. Lifestyle 3. Personal Characteristics - Needs - Attitudes - Interests - Opinions - Willingness to pay	43
2223204479	Four Bases of Segmentation	1. State of being 2. State of Mind 3. Benefit 4. Usage	44
2223208898	State of Being	-Geography -Age -Income -Education -Gender -Sexual Orientation -Race and Ethnicity	45
2223212276	State of Mind	-Innovators -Thinkers -Achievers -Experiencers -Believers -Strivers -Makers -Survivors	46
2223215119	Benefit	-Depend on the motivation of the customers -Product benefits differ between "competitive runners"- "intermediate tennis player" - "casual sneaker customer	47
2223217779	Usage	-Primarily focuses on the heavy users -80-20 Rule ( 80% of market consumption comes from 20% of the consumers)	48
2223245057	Sport Product (ch. 6)	Complex package of the tangible and intangible	49
2223257157	Sport Product- Core	-Game Form (rules and techniques) -Players, Coaches, and Owners (star power) -Fan Behavior -Equipment and Apparel -Venue -Personnel and Process	50
2223262143	Sport Product- Extensions	-Memories -Novelties and Fantasies -Ticket, Program, and other materials -Hybrid Products / Electronic Products	51
2223266626	Sport Product Strategies	- Differentiation (Nike vs. Reebok / NFL vs. MLS) - Product Development(Cavaliers move from Richfield Coliseum near Akron to Gund Arena in downtown Cleveland) - Product Position(Repositioning Harlem Globetrotters) - Brands and Branding ("Any damn fool can put on a price reduction, but it takes brains and perseverance to create a brand.", David Ogilvy) - Product and Brand Cycles(NFL - MLB - NBA - NHL - MLS)	52

Powered by Quizlet.com

Marketing Chapters 4-7 Vocabulary (Ch. 4: Marketing Research, Ch. 5: Consumer Behavior, Ch. 6: Competition, Ch. 7: Market Segmentation And Target Marketing) Flashcards

Introduction To Marketing- Exam 2

Terms : Hide Images

3042940289	Marketing Research	The systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data that are relavent to a marketing situation.	0
3042940290	The Marketing Research Process	Five-Step-Process: 1. Define the problem and research objectives.Cikk 2. Develop the research plan. 3. Collect the information. 4. Analyze the information. 5. Present the findings.	1
3042940291	Secondary Data	Data that already exists. - can be easy to get and inexpensive to use - may not address a firm's specific problem. information may come from previous research, databases, internal company records, etc.	2
3042940292	Primary Data	Data that is collected for a specific purpose or issue. - may take longer to gather and cost more, however, it should address the particular problem at hand. - This is new research that needs to be conducted because the existing information doesn't address a particular issue.	3
3042972194	Focus Groups	Groups of about 6-10 customers, usually in the target market, that meet with a professional moderator to discuss how they feel about certain products and services. - They get detailed information about how strongly consumers feel about products, rather than just a preference of product A vs product B.	4
3042981513	Closed- End Questions	Include all of the possible answers, so that it will be easy to tabulate and interpret the data.	5
3042983093	Open- End Questions	Allow people to answer the questions in their own words. It is more difficult to tabulate and analyze these questions but reveal more detail in the answers.	6
3042995352	Consumer Behavior	How people select, shop for, buy, use, and dispose of goods and services to satisfy particular needs and wants. Example: 5-7 cereals in cereal cabinet at home: Each family member likes their own type of cereal. Kinds of packaging/commercials that will appeal to all of them. Only 2 bottles of ketchup; Almost always the same brand.	7
3043023122	Culture	The set of beliefs, attitudes, and ways of doing things that are shared by a homogeneous social group, usually handed down to the next generation. Often based on a person's ethnic heritage. It is easy to think of food and music that appeals to different ethnic groups. - Family's influence - Society's influence	8
3043023613	Reference Groups	People we try to emulate or whose approval concerns us. - Can be family, friends, co-workers, religious denominations, political parties, etc.	9
3043042938	Opinion Leaders	People whose beliefs or attitudes are respected by people who share an interest in some activity. -Ex: TV commercials: "4 out of 5 dentists recommend..." -> Michael Jordan- spokesperson for Nike and Gatorade	10
3043044001	Lifestyle	How a person lives their life based on their activities, interests, and opinions. It looks at how people spend their time and money.	11
3043044314	Psychographics	The science of measuring and categorizing consumer lifestyles. Ex. How would you describe the people who shop at Home Depot, REI, or Joanne's?	12
3043045211	Perception	The personalized way we sense, interpret, and comprehend various stimuli. Ex,	13
3043080459	Cognition	Occurs when the stimulus is understood. We then store this information in our own mental files.	14
3043080831	Learning	Learning is a permanent change in thought process or behavior that occurs as a result of reinforced experience.	15
3043081084	Persuation	When the change in belief or attitude is caused by a promotional communication such as advertising.	16
3043081716	Brand Loyalty	The consumer's conscious or unconscious decision, expressed through intention or behavior, to purchase a brand continually.	17
3043082127	Motivation	Refers to the underlying forces (motives) that contribute to purchasing actions. These motives come from the goal of satisfying our needs and	18
3043082846	Needs And Wants	Needs are the basic, often instinctive human forces that motivate us. Wants are the "needs" that we learn during our lifetime. Often it is said that needs refer to "necessity" items and wants refers to "luxury" items.	19
3043083589	The Buying Decision Process	There are 5 stages in the buying decision process: 1. Problem Recognition 2. Information Research 3. Evaluation of Alternatives 4. Purchase Decision 5. Postpurchase Behavior	20
3113587503	Features And Benefits	All consumers have a set of criteria; standards that they use to judge the features and benefits of alternative products, to help them evaluate which product they want to buy.	21
3043084445	Cognitive Dissonance	The attempt to reduce the inconsistency of the buyers' perception and the reality of the product. In an effort to receive satisfaction from the purchase decision, we make sure that it is the product we want to buy.	22
3043085341	Competition	Primary and secondary competition both exist.	23
3113619280	Market Share	Competitive strategies: 1. increase the size of the market and/or increase the market share 2. Expand the market - new users - new uses - more usage 3. Defend the market share and/or expand the market share - product innovation - preemptive attack - counter attack - market diversification example of expanding market share: Starbucks adds ice cream and muffins to their product mix; McDonald's and Dunkin' Donuts adds premium coffee to their product mix. coke is also a competitor to coffee.	24
3113619884	Niche Marketing	Rather than being a small fish in a big pond, a firm may choose to be a big fish in a little pond. Looks at being a leader in a small market rather than a follower in a big market. This is the process of finding small but profitable market segments, and designing custom-made products/services for them. "A niche market is a small yet tasty piece of the pie." Example: Local chocolate shop: someone may go out of their way to go to a special store in a certain town to pay $10 for a piece of chocolate, vs. $1 for a normal brand at any grocery store, etc.	25
3113703183	Market Segmentation	Identify and profile distinct groups of consumers who require separate products or marketing mixes Levels of market segmentation: 1. Segments (Minivans) 2. Niches ("The Roseville Special") 3. Local Areas ($5,000 mountain bikes) 4. Individuals (Tailor- made suit)	26
3113753849	Market Segments	Large identifiable groups of consumers within a market, with similar characteristics, wants, needs, purchasing power, geographic location, buying attitudes, or buying habits. Ex: Backpack- student Diaper bag- new mom Sports bag- athlete	27
3113703700	Target Marketing	Select one more markets to enter.	28
3113704993	Mass Marketing	A concept that was practiced many years ago when firms produced, distributed, and promoted one product for all consumers. Ex. Ford model T was originally sold in black. Tide laundry detergent was originally sold in one size and type only.	29
3113731176	Geographic Segmentation	Divides the market into different consumer groups based on their geographic location (nation, region, state, country, city, zip code, or neighborhood.) Ex: NY vs LA, Nor Cal vs So Ca, local restaurants, Granite Bay vs. South Sacramento	30
3113731877	Demographic Segmentation	Divides the market into groups of consumers based on some basic studies of the people (age, family, life cycle, gender, cincome, occupation, education, religion, race, generation, nationality, and social class.)	31
3113733361	Psychographic Segmentation	Divides the market into groups of consumers based on lifestyle, personality, values, and attitudes. Ex: mail list of people who make $1,000,000 vs. people who belong to the country club, to sell $5000 golf clubs to	32
3113734277	Behavioral segmentation	Divides the market into groups of consumers based on their consumer behavior (knowledge, usage, and attitude toward the product) Ex: usage rate, loyalty status, benefits, occasions)	33

Powered by Quizlet.com

Light Flashcards

Introduction to light aimed at Year 9 level. Includes basics of reflection and refraction and the structure of the eye.

Terms : Hide Images

534883067	Luminous	Emits own light eg: light globe, sun	0
534883068	Non-luminous	Does not emit own light eg. moon, person	1
534883069	Straight line	How does light travel?	2
534883070	Reflect	To see an object it must be luminous or ____________ light	3
534883071	Luminous	To see an object it must reflect light or be ______________	4
534883072	Transparent	All light passes through; can see through clearly eg. glass	5
534883073	Translucent	Some light passes through; can see through but not clearly eg. plastic bag	6
534883074	Opaque	No light passes through; cannot see through at all eg. desk	7
534883075	Reflection	Light bounces off the surface and travels up to your eyes.	8
534883076	Regular	Type of reflection when light bounces off a smooth surface; produces a clear image	9
534883077	Regular	Type of reflection	10
534883078	Diffuse	Type of reflection when the light bounces off a rough surface; produces a distorted image	11
534883079	Diffuse	Type of reflection	12
534883080	Normal	A line drawn at right angles to the reflecting surface at the point where the incidence ray hits; All angles are measured from here	13
534883081	Normal		14
534883082	Incidence	Which angle is this?	15
534883083	Reflection	Which angle is this?	16
534883084	Equal	Law of Reflection: Angle of incidence is LESS/EQUAL/GREATER than the Angle of reflection	17
534883085	Reflection	An image in a mirror is found by following the rays of INCIDENCE/REFLECTION	18
534883086	Equal	An image appears behind the mirror at a LESS/EQUAL/GREATER distance than the object is in front of the mirror	19
534883087	Image	This is formed when you look into a mirror and your eyes detect the light that has been reflected and the brain assumes that the light has travelled in straight lines.	20
534883088	Reflection	To locate the position of the image, trace the light rays of INCIDENCE/REFLECTION	21
534883089	Magnified	If an image appears bigger than the object	22
534883090	Diminished	If an image appears smaller than the object	23
534883091	Distorted	When an image appears altered in shape	24
534883092	Laterally inverted	When an image appears the wrong way round	25
534883093	Upright	When an image appears the right way	26
534883094	Inverted	When an image appears upside down	27
534883095	Real	When an image can be projected onto a screen	28
534883096	Virtual	When an image cannot be projected onto a screen	29
534883097	Convex	A mirror whose rays will be reflected and diverge away from each other	30
534883098	Convex	Type of mirror in which an upright, diminished and virtual image is produced	31
534883099	Convex	Type of mirror?	32
534883100	Convex	Type of mirror?	33
534883101	Concave	A mirror whose rays will be reflected and converge to a focus	34
534883102	Concave	Type of mirror in which an upright, magnified and virtual image is produced	35
534883103	Concave	Type of Mirror?	36
534883104	Concave	Type of mirror in which an inverted, diminished and real image is produced	37
534883105	Concave	Type of mirror?	38
534883106	Refraction	The bending of light as it moves though different mediums	39
534883107	Towards	When light enters a more dense material it bends AWAY/TOWARDS the normal	40
534883108	Away	When light enters a less dense material it bends AWAY/TOWARDS the normal	41
534883109	Refraction	Which angle is this?	42
534883110	Dispersion	When white light is passed through a glass prism it splits into its constituent colours	43
534883111	Dispersion		44
534883112	White	The colour of light when it is made up of all the colours of its spectrum	45
534883113	Reflects	An object appears a colour because it ASBORBS/REFLECTS that colour light	46
534883114	Red	An object is seen as red when it reflects this colour	47
534883115	ROYGBIV	The first letters of the colours which make up the light spectrum	48
534883116	Green	if an object absorbs Red, Orange, Violet and some Yellow and Blue light, it would be this colour.	49
534883117	White	An object will appear this colour if it reflects all colours of light	50
534883118	Black	An object will appear this colour if it absorbs all colours of light	51
534883119	White	The three primary colours of light are red, green and blue can be mixed together to make this colour light	52
534883120	Magenta	Tthis secondary colour is produced by mixing red and blue light	53
534883121	Yellow	This secondary colour is produced by mixing red and green light	54
534883122	Cyan	This secondary colour is produced by mixing green and blue light	55
534883124	Iris	The ring of muscle that controls the amount of light entering the eye.	56
534883125	Iris		57
534883126	Contracts	In a dark room the iris CONTRACTS/RELAXES to let as much light in as possible	58
534883127	Cornea	Clear, transparent surface where most of the bending (refraction) occurs.	59
534883128	Cornea		60
534883129	Lens	Fine focus of light	61
534883130	Lens		62
534883131	Pupil	A hole in the iris through which light passes	63
534883132	Pupil		64
534883133	Aqueous humour	Clear, watery liquid behind the cornea	65
534883134	Aqueous humour		66
534883135	Ciliary muscle	Adjusts the shape of the lens, depending on how far away the object we are trying to focus on is.	67
534883136	Ciliary muscle		68
534883137	Vitreous humour	Jelly like substance filling the back part of the eye	69
534883138	Vitreous humour		70
534883139	Retina	Lined with millions of cells that are sensitive to light. These cells respond to light by sending signals to your brain	71
534883140	Retina		72
1034996900	Rods	Light receptor cells that detect the brightness of light	73
1034996901	Cones	Light receptor cells that detect colour	74
534883141	Optic nerve	Sends signals to your brain from the retina	75
534883142	Optic nerve		76
534883143	Blind spot	The point on the retina where the optic nerve is attached. There are no sensory cells here so no light is detected.	77
534883144	Blind spot		78
534883145	Biconcave	Lens which are thin at the centre	79
534883146	Biconcave	Lens which forms an upright, diminished and virtual image virtual	80
534883147	Biconvex	Lens which bulges out at the centre	81
534883148	Biconvex	Lens which forms an inverted, diminished and real image	82
534883149	Biconvex	Lens which forms an upright, magnified and virtual image	83

Powered by Quizlet.com

CH. 1 Intro Into Sport Marketing Flashcards

KIN 3801
Fall 2015 Engemann

Terms : Hide Images

2991544588	Objectives of Sport Marketing	.....	0
2991545691	1) To understand the market forces that create what in the sport industry?	the need for marketing strategies	1
2991568828	2) To understand__ __ and other obstacles to successful marketing strategy	"marketing myopia"	2
2991571451	3) To recognize the __ of the sport product and of the sport industry	components	3
2991583013	4) To recognize the factors that make sport marketing a what?	unique enterprise	4
2991589116	All marketing activities are designed to do what through an exchange process?	meet the wants and needs of sport consumers	5
2991608428	Sport consumers are involved in sport through what things?	playing, officiating, watching, listening, reading and collecting	6
2991611634	Major Thrust of Sport Marketing	1) The marketing OF sport products to the sport consumer 2) The marketing of sport and non-sport products THROUGH sport	7
2991650219	What is the size of the American Sport Industry?	-$498 billion (Plunkett Research) -36.9 billion spent on spectator sports (2014) -$20.6 billion spent on advertising alone (2014)	8
2991654376	Competition is the nature of sport	-Fighting for discretionary consumer dollars -Fighting for "eyeballs"	9
2991685650	What was the stress of getting population to games and so forth?	Grassroots stress	10
2991689646	Current Issues and Topics	1) Media Rights Growth (Power shifts to rights, holders, & sponsors) 2) Globalization of Major Sports Properties (Global NBA growth in the 90s/00s) 3) Branding (Brand Management/Development growth) 4) Advances in Product Distribution (In Venue Ticket Sales) 5) Current Economic Implications	11
2991782359	Marketing Myopia	1) a focus on producing & selling goods and services 2) the belief that winning absolves all other sins 3) confusion between promotions and marketing 4) ignorance of competition inside & outside the sport	12
2991798431	Marketing Myopia (cont.)	5) short-sighted focus on quick-return price hikes or investments such as sponsorships 6) poor quality research 7) poor sales and service 8) arrogance & laziness 9) failure to adapt to industry, market, consumer change	13
2991823357	Change in the Sport Profession	1) Sport marketing pioneers paving the way -Bill Veeck, Tex Rickard, Mark McCormack, Don Canham, David Stern 2) Improvements in sales training & methodology 3) Institutionalized sport marketing knowledge & training 4) Broadening diversity	14
2992444035	Unique Nature of Sports	1) Sport product 2) market 3) finance 4) promotion	15
2992450396	Sport Product Characteristics	1) Playful competition, typically in some game form 2) A separation from "normal" space and time 3) Regulation by special rules 4) Physical prowess & physical training 5) Special facilities and special equipment	16
2992457624	Uniqueness of the Sport Product	1) Intangible, ephemeral, experiential, & subjective in nature 2) Simultaneous production & consumption 3) Dependence on social facilitation 4) Inconsistency & unpredictability 5) Core product beyond marketers' control	17
2992467483	Uniqueness of the Sport Market	1) Sport organizations simultaneously compete & cooperate 2) Sport consumers consider themselves experts 3) Demand tends to fluctuate widely 4) Sport has an almost universal appeal & pervades all elements of life	18
2992484382	Uniqueness of the Sport Finance	1) Pricing the individual sport product unit by traditional job costing is difficult 2) The price of the sport product itself is invariably quite small in comparison to the total cost paid by the consumer 3) Indirect revenues are frequently greater than direct operating revenues (media & sponsor revenue/tv & marketing right fees)	19
2992495209	Uniqueness of The Sport Promotion	1) Pros & Cons of widespread media exposure -Benefits: "free" exposure in place of paid impressions -Drawbacks: Leads to expectations & disconnect with fans 2) Media and sponsors tend to emphasize celebrity -difficult in managing organizational identity when players' egos are problematic	20

Powered by Quizlet.com

Sport Promotion Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

2557893620	Sport Marketing	sport marketing consists of all activities designed to meet the needs and wants of sport consumers	0
2557897206	Marketing myopia	lack of foresight in marketing ventures, accepting short term gains, but in doing so risk long term success	1
2557907734	what elements of sport make it a unique product to market	It is subjective meaning one person may be attending for entertainment while another is there to watch the event. Fans have a strong personal and emotional connection to team. Sports are inconsistent and unpredictable	2
2557972603	Five P's of marketing mix	product, price, place, promotion, public relations	3
2557974996	Dayton Dragons SWOT analysis	S: Outstanding customer service W: Economic struggles of Dayton area O: Moving to Dayton with clean slate T: Other major league teams in area	4
2557991785	Five strategic steps of marketing plan process	1. develop vision, position, and purpose 2. develop strategic goals and objectives 3. develop a ticket marketing, sales, and service plan 4. Integrate the marketing plan into a broader, strategic resource allocation 5. control and evaluate implementation of plan	5
2558224731	why is price a critical element of sport marketing mix	1.prices can be readily changed 2.in certain marketing conditions (elastic demand) price is an effective tool 3. price is highly visible and always on the costumers mind	6
2558234214	what does cost mean to a sport consumer and is it same meaning as price?	cost is not the same as price. price of ticket is part of total cost to attend event.	7
2558237900	variable pricing	prices are set in different scales based on certain factors. Prices are locked in and cant be changed during the season	8
2558241632	Dynamic pricing	allows prices to change daily or hourly based on demand for that game. Demand goes up price goes up, demand goes down price goes down	9
2558257200	aftermarketing	relationship between marketer and customer after all marketing and sales efforts have been completed, a purchase has been made, and a prospect becomes a customer	10
2558266517	perceptual disstortion	occurs when receiver of message interprets message differently than intent of sender	11
2558354305	explicit mode	I endorse this product	12
2558356145	implicit mode	I use this product	13
2558358991	imperative mode	you should use this product	14
2558360962	copresent mode	celebrity merely appears in ad with product	15
2558363825	socialization	process by which people assimilate and develop the skills, knowledge, attitudes, and other "equipment" necessary to perform various social roles	16
2558369283	behavioral involvement in sport	hands-on doing, includes participating in sports and activities of fans at a venue, at home, or mobile device	17
2558372605	cognitive involvement	acquisition of information and knowledge about a sport	18
2558377078	affective involvement	attitudes, feelings, and emotions that a consumer has toward an activity	19
2558382437	commitment in a sport	refers to the frequency, duration, and intensity of involvement in a sport, or the willingness to expend money, time, and energy in a pattern of sport involvement	20
2558394138	syndicated data (less expensive, might be less specific)	refers to data that have been collected, organized, and repackaged for consumption	21
2558398077	custom research (more expensive, but more specific)	refers to any situation in which researchers customize and implement a methodology for obtaining data	22
2558402922	quantitative data	surveys are a good example of quantitative data...any research with measurable results	23
2558406880	qualitative data	less measurable answers...typical qualitative data includes guessing emotions of fans or gauging the amount of enjoyment they are experiencing	24
2558414581	Four basics of segmentation	state of being (demographics) state of mind (psychographics) products benefits products usage	25
2558420261	state of being segmentation (demographics)	geography, age, income, education, gender, sexual orientation	26
2558424022	state of mind segmentation (psychographics)	assumes consumers may be divided by personality traits; by lifestyle characteristics such as attitudes, interests, and opinions, and by preferences and perceptions	27
2558433949	products benefits segmentation	purchase decisions based on consumer needs	28
2558437475	products usage segmentation	breaking consumers down into "heavy users" , "medium users" , and "light users" 80-20 rule -->80% of market consumption comes from 20& of consumers	29
2558446658	sport product	complex package of the tangible and intangible	30
2558449098	core product composed of six components	1. game form (rules and techniques) 2. players (star power) 3. fan behavior 4. equipment and apparel 5. venue 6. personnel and process	31
2558454799	product extensions	compliment the core product and can have life of its own -memories -novelties and fantasies -tickets, programs, other print media -hybrid products and electronic products -the organization	32
2558462343	branding	-starts with a brand which includes name, logo, and symbols associated with the sport organization -what a customer thinks of when they see the marks of a particular brand -consumers base feelings on experiences they had while consuming sport	33
2558471818	benefits of positive brand equity	-increased revenue from ticket sales and merchandising -also typically results in larger viewing audiences for events -winning isnt the only important factor in creation of brand loyalty	34
2558481009	how to build brand equity	-relationship marketing is central to develop loyal customers -create strong positive emotional connections	35

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

Biomolecules Flashcards

Jane Eyre quotes Flashcards

APWH The Earth and Its People 4th Edition Ch.5-8 Flashcards

Psychology themes and variations chapter 5 key terms Flashcards

Chapter 7 AP BIO: Membrane Structure and Function Flashcards

Sport Marketing Exam Ch. 1-6 Flashcards

Marketing Chapters 4-7 Vocabulary (Ch. 4: Marketing Research, Ch. 5: Consumer Behavior, Ch. 6: Competition, Ch. 7: Market Segmentation And Target Marketing) Flashcards

Light Flashcards

CH. 1 Intro Into Sport Marketing Flashcards

Sport Promotion Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org