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Biology

Biology Campbell Test Bank With Answers Chpt. 41

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Biology
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Medicine
anatomy
Digestive system
nutrition
health
Health sciences
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Human nutrition
Digestive enzyme
Digestion
Vitamin B12
AP Biology test bank

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition Chapter 41 relates the energetic and nutritional needs of animals with the evolutionary adaptations that optimize nutrient ingestion, digestion, absorption, and distribution of nutrients. The locations and specializations of organs and tissues along the gastrointestinal tract are detailed, as are the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate functions. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) In a well-fed human eating a Western diet, the richest source of stored chemical energy in the body is A) fat in adipose tissue. B) glucose in the blood. C) protein in muscle cells. D) glycogen in muscle cells. E) calcium phosphate in bone. Answer: A Topic: Concept 41.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Biology respiration objectives

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Biology
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cellular respiration
Chemistry
biochemistry
Chemiosmosis
Electron transport chain
metabolism
Oxidative phosphorylation
Adenosine triphosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Photosynthesis
Substrate-level phosphorylation

Vocabulary Entropy- a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system Catabolism- the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism. Anabolism- the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism. Cellular Respiration- the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules Glycolysis- the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

Respiratory System Overview

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Biology
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anatomy
human anatomy
Biology
Respiratory system
Respiration
Thorax
Head and neck
Respiratory tract
Breathing
Lung
Conducting zone
Lower respiratory tract
health

By: Chlo? Durfee Sydney Modder Ramya Ramesh Megumi Sharma Chase Damis The Respiratory System Larynx (Voice Box) Connects pharynx to trachea Provides airway Prevents food from entering respiratory tract Produces sound Pharynx (throat) Provides passageway for respiratory and digestive tracts Tube like structure that connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx Coordinates breathing and swallowing while eating Larynx/Pharynx Larynx/Pharynx Epiglottis Blocks food and liquids from entering the trachea Spoon-like structure Epiglottis Lungs Pair of spongy, air-filled organs. Located on either side of thorax. Covered by thin tissue called pleura. Pull in oxygen and absorbs it into linings of lungs. Pushes oxygen into chambers of the heart so oxygen travels throughout the body.

Power Point

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Biology
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Biology
Ichthyology
Zoology
Reptile
Amphibian
fish
Cold-blooded
Spawn
Egg
Mammal
Lung
Bird

Blood type reproduction special features (body parts) Picture Fish ColdBlooded Eggs(Depends) Or Live Swim bladder,fins, gills,scales? amphibian ColdBlooded Eggs Gills,lungs, strong back legs, tail. reptiles ColdBlooded Eggs Tail,lungs, scales, no limbs(some), lungs. birds Warm Blooded Eggs Feathers,beak, wings, lungs. mammals Warm Blooded (Most) Live (Least) Egg Hair, limbs,Lungs.
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Basic Organelle Overview

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Biology
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organelles
cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoplasm
mitochondrion
Vesicle
Cytoskeleton
Lysosome
Nucleolus
Ribosome
Biological membrane
health

Organelles Pro/Euk/Both Plant/Animal/Both Function Structural Features Nucleus Euk Both Contains DNA(nucleic acid) Control center of cell. Builds ribosomes(in nucleolus) Sphere. Has a membrane. Contains nucleolus Cell Membrane Both Both Regulates materials entering/leaving, protects and supports cell Phospholipid bi-membrane with proteins suspended throughout. Cytoplasm Both Both Fills the cell. Oranelles are found in it. Vacuole and Vesicle Euk Both Store materials Membrane bound sacs Mitochondria Euk Both Convert chemical energy in food to usable compounds. Turned into ATP. Second largest, Double layered outer membrane is smooth, inner membrane is folded Ribosomes Both Both

Plant Form and Function

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Biology
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anatomy
Plant Anatomy
Botany
Plant physiology
Tissues
Secondary growth
Meristem
Vascular cambium
plant cell
Vascular tissue
Bark
health
Campbell Biology 9th edition

Biology 225: Chapter 35 Q: What are the two systems of a plant and what are they responsible for? A: The Root System (roots) is responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the ground whereas the shoot system (the stems and leaves) is responsible for obtaining light and carbon dioxide from above the ground. Both systems cannot live without the other; the roots require sugar produced by photosynthesis which comes from the shoot system and the shoots require the water and minerals absorbed by the root system for survival. Q: What is the difference between an Angiosperm and a Gymnosperm? A: Vascular Plants with Seeds Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Gas Exchange and Circulation

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Biology
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anatomy
Biology
Medicine
Angiology
Artery
Circulatory system
heart
Capillary
Respiratory system
Vein
Blood vessel
Blood
health
Campbell Biology 9th edition

Chapter Forty-Two: Circulation and Gas Exchange Preface All animals must exchange substances with the environment. Unicellular animals may directly exchange with the environment. Nutrients and oxygen enter through the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm while carbon dioxide and metabolic by-products exit from the cytoplasm through the plasma membrane. Multicellular organisms cannot exchange material at the cellular level and therefore rely on specialized systems that carry out exchange with the environment and transport the material from the sites of exchange to the rest of the body. Concept One: Circulatory systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body

Animal Nutrition

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Biology
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Biology
Digestive system
anatomy
Medicine
Digestive enzyme
Digestion
Human nutrition
Small intestine
Stomach
Human gastrointestinal tract
nutrition
Secretin
health
Campbell Biology 9th edition

Chapter Forty-One: Animal Nutrition Preface Nutrition: Food being taken in , taken apart, and taken up (Example: Bear chews skin muscles and other part of fish, breaking it down with acid and enzymes in digestive system and finally absorbing it into small molecules in its body) Animals eat other organisms (dead or alive) for energy and also the organic molecules used to assemble new molecules, cells and tissues. There are different types of animal diets; Herbivores: Animals that dine on mainly plants and algae (cattle, sea slugs, termites) Carnivores: Animals that dine on other animals (sharks, hawks,spiders) Omnivores: Animals which consume both plants and animals regularly (humans, crows, and cockroaches)

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

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Biology
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anatomy
Biology
Zoology
Animal physiology
Tissues
Thermoregulation
Endotherm
Brown adipose tissue
Adipose tissue
Warm-blooded
Ectotherm
Basal metabolic rate
health
Campbell Biology 9th edition

Chapter Forty: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function Preface A jackrabbit?s ear not only provide the animal with an acute sense of hearing but also help it shed excess heat via the blood flowing in each ears network vessels which transfers heat into surrounding air. When air is warmer than jackrabbit (exceeding 40? C), the jackrabbit?s pink ears turn pale, reflecting a narrowing of the blood vessels in response to the environment allowing their ears to absorb heat without affecting the rest of the body. Once the air cools, blood flow increases again, helping to release heat. Anatomy: Study of biological structure Physiology: Study of biological function

Freshman Biology

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Biology
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Biology
biochemistry
Genetics
Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis
Molecular biology
RNA
Molecular genetics
Translation
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Start codon
final review

THE BIG PICTURE DNA RNA PROTEIN Replication Transcription Translation Nucleotide Structure SUGAR Ribose in RNA Deoxyribose in DNA PHOSPHATE BASE Function of DNA Replication Produce 2 DNA molecules identical to the parent molecule Each will be distributed to 2 new cells during mitosis & 4 gametes during meiosis Two things can happen to DNA: Replication - so that the cell can divide Transcription ? so that the code for making a protein can be sent into the cell TRANSCRIPTION Function Produce a temporary RNA copy complimentary to part of 1 DNA strand mRNA will be used to take DNA code to ribosome & make protein Transcription animation http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf Steps (in Nucleus)

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