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cell

venn diagram comparing bacteria, animal and plant cells

Subject: 
Biology
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Bacteriology
Archaea
Cell Biology
cell
Eukaryote
organelle
bacteria
plant cell
Prokaryote
Outline of cell biology

Similarities and Differences Found in Bacteria, Animal, and Plant Cells ? Lesson 3 Assignment Cells are the smallest unit of life. There are two categories of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells contain no nucleus or organelles. Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and separate compartments known as organelles. Cells for plants and animals are eukaryotic. Though animals, plants and bacteria are very different organisms and their cellular structures contain differences, they also have some similarities. The easiest way to show this is through the use of a Venn Diagram: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect06.htm http://www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Cells/Plant-Animal-and-Bacterial-Cells.php

Exploring Protein Structure

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Biology
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Biology
Molecular biology
Proteins
Proteomics
Membrane biology
organelles
Globular protein
Amino acid
cell
Peptide
Insulin
immune system
health

EXPLORING PROTEIN STRUCTURE Discuss the properties of the following fibrous proteins in relation to their structure and function: Collagen Fibroin Keratin Some globular proteins, such as actin, can link together to form filaments. Discuss the importance of this property for cells. Discuss how the microtubules of the cell cytoskeleton form. Relate this structure to the function of the cell cytoskeleton. Enzymes are globular proteins that catalyse reactions in a highly specific manner. Discuss how catalase increases the rate of reaction for removing hydrogen peroxide from cells so it does not reach toxic levels.

Cell bio chapter 6

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Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
organelles
Endomembrane system
cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicle
Lysosome
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
health

Cells Use molecules to: Transform energy and matter Respond to the environment Reproduce themselves Lowest level that can perform all activities required for life Cell theory Cells are the fundamental units of life All organisms are composed of cells All cells are going to be derived from preexisting cells Are similar in chemical composition Concept 6.1 Microscopes and the Tools of Biochemistry are used to Study Cells Magnification: ratio of image size to real size Resolution: measure of clarity What is the minimum distance required to distinguish two points as separate Light microscopy View living cells Magnify 2000X Resolution: 200nm Electron microscopes View dead cells Magnify 2,000,000X Resolution 0.2 nm Scanning electron microscopy Surface of a specimen (3D)

The Cytoskeleton

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
organelles
Cytoskeleton
Microtubule organizing center
cell
Microtubule
Basal body
Motor protein
Actin
Centrosome
Microvillus
health

The Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton extends throughout the cytoplasm It organises cell structure and activities, anchoring many organelles in place It provides mechanical support, maintaining the cells shape: it?s domed in shape and stabilised by opposing forces It is also very dynamic, and can be dismantled and reassembled quickly, to change the shape of the cell Form The cytoskeleton is a network of fibres, the molecular structures include: Microtubules: the thickest of the fibres at 25nm (15nm lumen) Microfilaments: the thinnest of the fibres at 7nm Intermediate filaments: range in diameter from 8?12nm, larger than microfilaments but smaller than microtubules Roles

The Endomembrane system

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Biology
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Biology
organelles
Membrane biology
Cell Biology
Endomembrane system
Vesicle
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
cell
Biological membrane
Eukaryote
health

The Endomembrane system Organelle recap? Ribosomes Ribosomes: a complex of ribosomal RNA (rRNA, synthesised in the nucleolus) and proteins Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis in: The cystol/plasm (free ribosomes) On the outside of the rough endoplasmic reticulum Free ribosomes make proteins used within the cell e.g. enzymes Bound ribosomes make proteins which are often secreted e.g insulin made in pancreatic cells Endoplasmic reticulum Form Accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells The ER membrane is continuous with the nuclear envelope There are two distinct regions of ER: Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes Rough ER: ribosomes are bound to the outer membrane Functions: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Chp 24 Bio

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Biology
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Biology
microbiology
bacteria
Prokaryote
Archaea
cell
Eukaryote
Plasmid
Transformation
Secretion
Endosymbiont
Escherichia coli
health

Chapter 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes Overview: The First cells Chemical and physical processes on early Earth may have produced very simple cells through a sequence of stages: 1. Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules 2. Joining of these small molecules into macromolecules 3. Packaging of molecules into protocells 4. Origin of self-replicating molecules Synthesis of Organic Compounds on Early Earth ? Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago, along with the rest of the solar system ? Bombardment of Earth by rocks and ice likely vaporized water and prevented seas from forming before 4.2 to 3.9 billion years ago ? Earth?s early atmosphere likely contained water vapor and chemicals released by volcanic eruptions

Free response question index Bio

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
microbiology
plants
Cell Biology
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
cell
Photosynthesis
Primary production
bacteria
organelle
evolution
health

AP Biology Free Response Questions Index See the complete questions and scoring rubrics here: ? http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/biology/samp.html 2010 Form A: 1. ?Homeostasis of blood glucose levels 2. ?Enzymatic reaction 3. ?Genetic cross and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 4. ?Ecological succession 2010 Form B: 1. ?Chromatography and Photosynthesis 2. ?Point mutation and allele frequency 3. ?Ecological role of bacteria and GMO bacteria 4. ?Biotic and abiotic variables, designing a controlled experiment 2009 Form A: 1. ?Behavioral response and physiological effect in fish to temperature 2. ?ATP, GTP, chemiosmosis to produce ATP, energy pyramid 3. ?Phylogeny, genetic variations in cytochrome c

The Cell

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
anatomy
organelles
Membrane biology
Cell Biology
Endomembrane system
Photosynthesis
cell
Eukaryote
Vesicle
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
health

Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions two types of cells make up all organisms?prokaryotic and eukaryotic only domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotes Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells bounded by a membrane?plasma membrane within the membrane is a semifluid. cytosol, in which organelles are found all contain chromosomes and ribosomes Prokaryotic Cells no nucleus; DNA is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid, but no membrane separates this region from the rest of the cell Eukaryotic Cells have a true nucleus, bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope entire region between the nucleus and plasma membrane is the cytoplasm

Cell Cycle

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
cell cycle
Interphase
mitosis
Meiosis
Kinetochore
Cytokinesis
Cyclin
Spindle apparatus
cell
Chromosome
health

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division the continuity of life is based upon the reproduction of cells, or cell division unicellular organisms reproduce by cell division multicellular organisms depend on cell division for development (from a fertilized cell), growth and repair the cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from its formation from the division of the parent cell to its own division Concept 12.1: Cell division results in two identical daughter cells cells duplicate their genetic material before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of genetic material, DNA Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material a cell?s endowment of DNA, its genetic information, is called its genome

Campbell Biology Chapter 6 Outline

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Biology
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Biology
organelles
Cell Biology
Membrane biology
microbiology
Plant Anatomy
cell
Endomembrane system
Eukaryote
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Vesicle
health

Mica Piro Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Biologists Use Microscopes and the Tools of Biochemistry to Study Cells (6.1) Microscopy Microscopes first used by Renaissance scientists are all light microscopes (LM) Visible light passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses Lenses refract/bend the light so the image of the specimen is magnified as it is projected into the eye or into a camera Magnification: ratio of an object?s image size to its real size LMs can magnify about 1,000 times the actual size Higher magnification = less detailed image Resolution: a measure of the clarity of the image?minimum distance 2 points can be separated and still be distinguished as separate points Contrast: the difference in brightness between the light and dark areas of an image

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