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Bio Ch. 42

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Acclimatization - short-term, reversible responses to environmental fluctuations // phenotypic change in an individual in response to short-term changes in the natural environment. The ability to acclimatize is itself an adaptation. As an individual develops, the embryonic tissues give rise to four adult tissue types: 1. Connective tissue loose connective tissue - fibrous proteins in a soft matrix; serves as a packing material b/w organs or padding under the skin (ex: reticular connective tissue in lymphoid organs such as the spleen and bone marrow/ adipose tissue or fat tissue are loose connective tissues made up of cells suspended in a matrix of fibers and fluid) dense connective tissue - found in tendons and ligaments that connect muscles, bones,

Psyc Ch. 1-4

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*Final Exam: Thursday of Finals Week 8:00 PM - 10:00 PM in LH002 CHAPTER 1 Psychology Perspectives: Biological Behavioral Cognitive Psychodynamic Humanistic Sociocultural *Evolutionary psychology Eternally unresolved issues stability vs. change how stable are the traits and characteristics for an individual across a life span stages vs. linear development an individual is made up of his/her personal experiences as we progress through all stages, do individuals gradually collect skills and abilities that aggregate over time or do they appear spontaneously puberty is an example of a spontaneous change in physiology rationality vs. irrationality why do we use our rationale to resolve the irrational; how? nature vs. nurture genes vs. environment

Psyc Ch. 1

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The Evolution of Psychology Psychology is an ancient art ?psyche? = soul ?logos? = study of a subject And a less ancient scientific discipline early 18th century - ?study of the mind? Multi-disciplinary approaches: Room for chemists, biologists, physiologists, sociologists, anthropologists, evolutionary everythingists, etc. Intellectual parents - philosophy and physiology And Wilheim Wundt, the godfather United all the different questions under one common mystery umbrella 1870 - first lab founded in University of Leipzig The Early Growth Phase Thanks to Wundt, started off on a good science foot. Scientific study of conscious experience: Attention Sensation and perception Reaction time etc.

Psyc Ch. 6

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Alkenes are commonly described as unsaturated hydrocarbons because they have the capacity to react with substances that add to them. Alkanes, on the other hand, are saturated hydrocarbons and are incapable of undergoing addition reactions. 6.1 Hydrogenation of Alkenes The relationship between reactants and products in addition reactions can be illustrated by the hydrogenation of alkenes to yield alkanes. Hydrogenation is the addition of H 2 to a multiple bond, as illustrated in the conversion of ethylene to ethane. The reaction is exothermic and is characterized by a negative sign for ?H?. Indeed, hydrogenation of all alkenes is exothermic. The heat given off is called the heat of hydrogenation and cited without a sign. In other words, heat of hydrogenation = -?H?.

Psyc Ch. 4

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Alcohols and Alkyl Halides: Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms In this chapter we explore structure and reactivity in more detail by developing two concepts: functional groups and reaction mechanisms. A functional group is the atom or group in a molecule most responsible for the reaction the compound undergoes under a prescribed set of conditions. How the structure of the reactant is transformed to that of the product is what we mean by the reaction mechanism. 4.1 Functional Groups Table 4.1 lists the major families of organic compounds covered in this text and their functional groups. 4.2 IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides The IUPAC rules permit alkyl halides to be named in two different ways, called functional class

Psyc Ch. 5-8

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CHAPTER 5 Consciousness - awareness of internal and external stimuli (personal awareness) subjective and private, dynamic, self-reflective and central to our sense of ?self? always moving, changing, and flowing William James (1902) called it the stream of consciousness Sigmund Freud (1900) believed that this stream of consciousness had depth. consciousness is not an all-or-none principle conscious and unconscious processes are different levels of awareness Electroencephalograph (EEG) - a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp. (Records brain waves) Electromypograph (EMG) - records muscular activity and tension Electrooculograph (EOG) - records eye movements

Psyc Notes

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CHAPTER 10 - Emotion and Motivation Emotion Emotions - positive or negative affective effects consist of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral reactions to events that have relevance to our goals Emotions are responses, while motivators are stimuli to action Adaptive Function of Emotions (Frederickson, 1998) Negative emotions narrow attention, enabling a response to threat through increased physiological activation Positive emotions broaden thinking and behavior, enabling exploration and skill learning Emotions as Social Communication They provide observable information about internal states and influence others? behavior toward us Emotions: Eliciting Stimuli Biological factors - We come equipped to respond to stimuli that may have evolutionary significance

Latin American History Final

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11/10/14 9:14 PM BOOK NOTES p.146-154, 177-180 Structure = familiar from the conquest period Mines provide basic economic motor Export product and currency International merchants imported European goods Paid in silver which then went to Europe in return for more goods Two Zones of Silver Production Mexican North South-Central Andes (Potosi) Mine shafts could extend hundreds of feet in depth (growing deeper and wider) major problems with drainage Required large-scale investment far in advance of return Refineries headquarters of each mining sight housed owners, technical staff, skilled workers Two-part structure of the industry = radical separation of business Distinction between more skilled refinery workers and more quickly shifting, less skilled workers

Latin American Vocab

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Lavradores de cana ? The whole class of sugarcane cultivators in Brazil. They didn?t have enough capital to set up their own engenhos so they grew sugarcane which they processed at a nearby mill, and paid three-fifths of the sugar produced as a fee to the mill owner. Although they made up a sizeable portion of the population in Brazil, they didn?t constitute a homogeneous social or economic group. For example, men with noble status, merchants, and priests all might be lavradores de cana. (emv2126)

African American Final

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Quicksand Nella Larsen 11/10/14 9:13 PM Lynching As a practice and how it represented Practice of killing people in the extra judicial way Without due process/trial Vigilante mob action Late 18th C through the 19th C Most victims = African American men Chicago Tribute begins to systematically record lynching 1892 especially strong year for lynching Tuskegee University begins to collect lynching statistics 1912 NAACP begins to also collect statistics Lynching reaches a peak: Slavery is deemed unconstitutional 1877 large number of efforts arise to reinstitute slavery Systematic dismantling of the rights gained Rise in terrorism and violence (institutionalized/non) Captured/documented through photography Public spectacles spectacular imagery

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