World History

The Islamic Empires Chapter 28

Chapter 26: Africa and the atlantic World: Cool story: Thomas Peters crossed atlantic 4 times, was from west Africa, and was first captured and sold to French to Louisiana, but tried to escape so he was sold to Scottish. As English prepare to rebel, slaves looked for personal freedom and joined the Black Pioneers who fought for British rule, but when colonists won he fled to Nova scotia, but Peters was seen as a spokesman for black families and he went to London and back and then to Sierra Leone with blacks to settle there. AFRICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN EARLY MODERN TIMES

History of the world in 6 glasses, spirits: Cordoba was capital of Arab Andalusia, and had a ginormous library.Arabs advance in astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and philosophy, and invent astrolabe, algebra, and modern numeral system, herbs as anesthetics, navigation based on the compass, trigonometry, and nautical maps. Also refined and popularized distillation. Distillation began in 4th millennium BC in northern Mesopotamia, and was used for perfumes. Distillation applied to wine by Arab Jabir ibn Hayyan, father of chemistry. Distillation makes wine stronger due to lower boiling point of alchohol than water. Rectification is repeated distillation

Post classical states and societies of Sub-Sahara Africa Political: Sundiata-founder of Mali empire in west Africa in the 13th century, oral tradition tells of him by professional singers and storytellers called griots. His father ruled a small west African kingdom, but sundiata had a defective leg and was crippled. When enemies killed his family, he learned the bow in the woods. Sundiata was sent to another kingdom where he assembled a cavalry and posed as a warrior. 1235 he returns and claims throne, and builds a capital at Niani, soon becoming a commercial center Between 1000-1500 CE people of sub Saharan Africa expand and do interregional trade. Also had indian ocean trade By 1000 ce bantus are in most Africa south of equator, while kushite, Sudanese, and others have communities

Chapter 17 Ap World Notes Foundations of Christian Society in Europe Albino elephant, set from Harun AL Rashid to Charlemagne Charlemagne was not in good relations with Islam, had fought a battle n N.Spain Charlemagne wanted to establish an empire in W. Europe similar to Byzantine First, population of Europe restored political order through a decentralized rule with local and regional kings Boosted agr. Production by increasing the cultivated land Built institution framework for the Christian church based in Rome to provide religious leadership Quest for Political Order After the fall of Rome by Germanics, Germanics weakened, and Franks were going to take over, but they also fell due to invasions by Muslims and Vikings Germanic Successor States