PId/mhh essay
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What is A Hawaiian Citizen?
World History
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What is A Hawaiian Citizen?
cold war
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The Cold War Divides the World 17.4 Third World: often newly independent & developing nations Africa, Latin America, Asia Traded assistance from the USSR or US in return for their support in the Cold War Nonaligned nations: the independent countries that remained neutral in the Cold War competition between the U.S. & Soviet Union India, Indonesia How was the Cold War fought 1. Foreign Aid: $$ 2. Espionage: Spies 3. Multinational Alliances: NATO v. Warsaw Pact 4. Propaganda: Radio 5. Brinkmanship: Threats 6. Surrogate Wars: Korea, Vietnam etc. The Cuban Revolution Important People Battista: American supported, but unpopular Cuban dictator Castro: leader of the communist revolution-overthrew Battista Eisenhower: American President
[ McDougal - Littell ] - World History (14.4)
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The Hundred Years' War and the Plague 1300s filled with disasters, both human and natural church seemed to be thriving, but soon faced division deadly epidemic claimed millions of lives claims to thrones in France + England led to wars in both lands changes in government made in France + England A Church Divided 1300s, faith still deemed strong both pope and church in trouble Pope and King Collide 1300, Pope Boniface VIII tried to enforce papal authority on kings as previous ones did King Philip IV of France asserted authority over French bishops Boniface responded with document stating that kings must obey popes Instead of obeying pope, Philip held him prisoner in September 1303 king planned to bring him to france for trial pope rescued, but died a year later
[ McDougal - Littell ] - World History (12.3)
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The Mongol Empire (3) Kublai Khan, grandson of genghis khan, took the title Great Khan in 1260 great khan ruled all mongol empire empire split into four khanates focused on expanding his own khanate Mongolia, Korea, Tibet, and N China Kublai Khan Becomes Emperor chinese held off Kublai's attacks his armies overwhelmed them in 1279 Chinese were always able to fight off invasions before Beginning a New Dynasty Kublai founded new dynasty called Yuan lasted for a century until 1368 Kublai united china for the first time in 300 years Kublai and his successors tolerated chinese culture and made few changes to government Kublai abandoned steppes for china did not share dislikes of settled life built new capital in modern Bejing Moved capital from Mongolia to China
Chapter 10
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Chapter 10 A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe I. Introduction A. Middle Ages ? Medieval 1. Gradual recovery from Rome?s collapse 2. Growing interaction with other societies B. Spread of religious beliefs 1. Most polytheistic converted from Christianity 2. Some continued to believe in magic/supernatural spirits C. Knowledge from trade/invaders 1. Tools for new crops 2. European paper factory 3. Arabs ? math, science, philosophy D. Took more from other nations than contributed ? one-sided trade E. Two Images 1. Prejudice toward Europe ? big, smelly, hairy lugs a. Newer to civilization b. Economy less advanced c. Manners less polished 2. Flashes of brilliance a. Thomas Aquinas ? sum up knowledge of man, God, nature
Chapter 9
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Chapter 9 Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe I. Introduction A. Two major civilizations 1. Byzantine ? Orthodox Christianity a. Maintained high level of political, economic, cultural life b. Leaders saw selves as Roman Emperors c. Empire lasted for 1000 years until Turkish invaders d. Constantinople ? most opulent, important city in Europe e. Spread civilization to previously uncivilized areas i. Russia, Balkans ii. Russia inherits empire from Byzantine 2. West ? Catholicism B. Similarities 1. Both influenced by Islam 2. Both civilizations spread northward 3. Polytheism gave way to monotheism a. Some syncretism ? old religious beliefs maintained 4. Northern areas struggled for political definition
Chapter 8
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Chapter 8 African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam I. Introduction A. Mansa Musa ? crossed Sahara on hajj 1. wealth symbolized potential of Africa B. Sub-sahara never totally isolated 1. But?for periods contact was difficult and intermittent C. Changes came from 1. Arrival of Muhammad followers a. Commercial and military attributes b. changed by Islam, but retained individuality c. African culture not united d. provided major external contact between sub-Saharan Africa and world D. State building 1. Mali, Songhay ? created more from military power than ethnic/cultural unity 2. Merchant city states on west/East coast 3. Portugese in 15th century brought Africans into world economy more 4. Bantu migration continued
Chapter 7
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Chapter 7 Part II Chapter 7 Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia I. Introduction A. Mid 9th century losing control 1. Rebellious governors 2. new challenging dynasties B. ?but still creative ? ironically ? a golden age without political stability 1. architecture 2. fine arts 3. literature 4. philosophy 5. mathematics and science C. Territorial growth ? warriors, traders, wandering mystics 1. political conquest 2. peaceful conversion D. Conduit for exchange ? between urban/agrarian centers and between nomadic peoples 1. ideas 2. plants and medicines 3. commercial goods 4. inventions II. The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras
Chapter 6
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Chapter 6 The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam I. Introduction A. Before 7th century ? contacts, but not total control of ancient world under one empire 1. Arabia ? nomadic land on periphery of major civilizations B. 7th century ? followers of Islam ?submission? ? Muslims ? Allah ? one God 1. Began conquest and conversion 2. Within decades, Muhammad had empire of Persia, Greece and Egypt C. Later empire spread 1. Merchants, mystics, warriors 2. Empire expanded a. Africa, Asia, southern Europe b. Across steppes to central Asia, western China, south Asia c. Across ocean trade routes to southeast Asia and eastern Africa d. Across overland trade routes, Sahara to western Africa
Chapter 5
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Chapter 5 The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E. I. Expansion and Integration A. Key point ? how did classical civilizations adjust to expansion 1. Between 550>400 BCE Confucius, Laozi, Buddha, Socrates a. Need to articulate central values B. How did they all unite? 1. China ? more centralized 2. Mediterranean ? more localized/diverse 3. India ? key religious values ? not as vulnerable to collapse ? like Rome C. What are the two challenges of integration? 1. Territorial ? how to command a. China ? language for elite, resettlement b. Rome ? local autonomy, tolerance c. India ? spread caste system 2. Social ? inequality between men/women ? upper/lower class
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