Environment

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Soot

Lung

Petri dish

Emma Mashburn Mr. Knapp APES April 24, 2013 Airborne Particulate Lab Follow up Questions A fine course particle is less than 2.5 micrometers in size and is easily inhaled deep into the lungs. A course particles is greater than 2.5 micrometers but smaller than 10 micrometers Fine particles can cause increased respiratory systems, decreased lung function, and aggracated asthma. Five examples of particle pollutants are soot, windblown dust, aerosols, pollen, and insect body parts.

APES CHAPTER 4

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Ecology

Soil

Exam 4 review sheet Chapter 3 Hydro cycle Solar energy heats Earth, and causes evaporation Evaporated water condenses into clouds Water returns to Earth as precipitation Precipitation falling on land is taken up by plants, runs off along the land surface, or percolates into the soil and enters the groundwater Carbon cycle Carbon is the most important element in living organisms makes up 20 percent of total body weight. Produces convert CO2 into sugars Sugars are converted back into CO2 Some carbon can be buried Human extraction of fossil fuels brings carbon to Earth?s surface, where it can be combusted C02 in the atmosphere and CO2 dissolved in water are constantly exchanged Combustion converts fossil fuels and plant material into CO2 Nitrogen cycle

APES CHAPTER 4

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Ecology

Soil

Exam 4 review sheet Chapter 3 Hydro cycle Solar energy heats Earth, and causes evaporation Evaporated water condenses into clouds Water returns to Earth as precipitation Precipitation falling on land is taken up by plants, runs off along the land surface, or percolates into the soil and enters the groundwater Carbon cycle Carbon is the most important element in living organisms makes up 20 percent of total body weight. Produces convert CO2 into sugars Sugars are converted back into CO2 Some carbon can be buried Human extraction of fossil fuels brings carbon to Earth?s surface, where it can be combusted C02 in the atmosphere and CO2 dissolved in water are constantly exchanged Combustion converts fossil fuels and plant material into CO2 Nitrogen cycle

AP Biology Ch. 8-10 Vocabulary

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Integral membrane proteins

Plant physiology

Light-dependent reactions

Photosystem

metabolism

Photosynthetic reaction centre

AP Biology Chapters 8-10 Vocabulary Chapter 8: Activation energy: the amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start Active site: the specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds ATP: an adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells Catalyst: a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Coenzyme: an organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function as coenzymes in important metabolic reactions

Fungi Problem Set

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fungi

Fungus

Hypha

Christina Krucylak Fungi Problem Set AP Biology April 2, 2013 Fungi are heterotrophs and therefore cannot make their own food, like plants can. They absorb nutrients from the outside environment. They use enzymes to either breakdown complex molecules into simpler ones for easier absorption or to break down cell walls or membranes to absorb nutrients from a host. Fungi have a wide range of ?hosts? and they can range from parasitic relationships to mutualistic ones. Hyphae are a network of tubular membranes surrounding the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of cells. This network is both above and below ground. A mycelium is more or less the subterranean part of a hyphae tube network. A mycelium infiltrates the material on which the fungus feeds off of.

Chapter 3 APES notes

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Ecology

Ecology -The study of how organisms interact with one another and their physical environment of matter and energy. All living organisms are composed of cells. Cell-the smallest and most fundamental structural and functional units of life. The idea that all living things are composed of cells is called cell theory. Organisms can be classified as either eukaryotes or prokaryotes A eukaryote is a cell surrounded by a membrane that has a distinct nucleus and other internal parts called organelles. A prokaryote is a cell surrounded by a membrane but has no distinct nucleus or organelles surrounded by membranes. For a group of sexually reproducing organisms a species is a set of individuals that can mate and produce fertile offspring.

Unit 6 Vocab

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Human Geography

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agriculture

Land management

Archaeological theory

Fertile Crescent

Neolithic

neolithic revolution

Sociocultural evolution

Shifting cultivation

Wheat

Biotechnology

Domestication

Subsistence agriculture

Agribusiness The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes. It includes activities ranging from seed production, to retailing, to consumption of agricultural products. Agriculture The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. AIDS A serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles Animal domestication Animals kept for some utilitarian purpose whose breeding is controlled by humans and whose survival is dependent on humans; differ genetically and behaviorally from wild animals. Biotechnology

APHG CH 1 VOCAB

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World History

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Geodesy

GPS

Equator

1. Cartography the science of mapmaking 2. Connections relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space 3. Equator 0 degrees latitude 4. Geography The study of the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth 5. GIS (geographical information system) A system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth 6. Globalization Greater cultural and economic interaction among people all over the world 7. GPS (global positioning system) A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth 8. Greenwich Mean Time Master reference time for all points on Earth 9. Human Geography The study of where and why human activities are located where they are 10. Land Ordinance of 1785

Chapter 2 Outline

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Physics

Baryons

matter

Neutron

Nuclear fusion

Isotope

Chemical element

#environmentalscience

SCIENCE, MATTER, ENERGY, AND SYSTEMS p.28-49 Core Case Study ? Carrying Out a Controlled Scientific Experiment o controlled experiment- a way in which scientists learn about how nature works is to conduct a controlled experiment o variables- factors that can change within a system or situation being studied o single-variable analysis- an experiment designed to isolate and study the effects of one variable at a time o experimental group- a chosen variable is changed in a known way o control group- the chosen variable is not changed 2-1 What Is Science p.29-35 ? Science Is a Search for Order in Nature o science- an endeavor to discover how nature works and to use that knowledge to make predictions

Chapter 1 Outline - ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, THEIR CAUSES, AND SUSTAINABILITY

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