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DNA

Plants

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Chapter 1: Principles of Life Concept 1.1: Living Organisms Share Common Aspects of Structure, Function and Energy Flow Biology is the scientific study of living things All living things have a single common ancestor Life as we know it had a single origin All organisms: All organisms are composed of cells and organic material (amino acids, nucleic acids etc.) Contain genetic information for protein synthesis and reproduction Convert environmental molecules into biological molecules Use external energy for internal processes Maintain homeostasis Replicate DNA to prepare for reproduction Maintain similar genetic sequences in the fundamental set of genes Change their genetic information according to changes in environment (evolution)

Biological Molecules Graphic Organizer

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Date: Name: Period: ? Please fill in the table below: Biological Molecule Organizer ? Biological Molecule Common Name Elements Present Uses by Living Things Monomer & Polymer Example Carbohydrates Monomer: Polymer: Lipids Not Applicable Proteins Monomer: Polymer: Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Stores life?s instructions Monomer: Nucleotides Polymer: Nucleic Acids DNA, RNA
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DNA Technology and Genomics

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Chapter 20 DNA Technology and Genomics Overview: Understanding and Manipulating Genomes One of the great achievements of modern science has been the sequencing of the human genome, which was largely completed by 2003. Progress began with the development of techniques for making recombinant DNA, in which genes from two different sources?and often different species?are combined in vitro into the same molecule. The methods for making recombinant DNA are central to genetic engineering, the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. Applications include the introduction of a desired gene into the DNA of a host that will produce the desired protein.

Campbell Bio lectures 2

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Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Overview: Life?s Operating Instructions In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA DNA, the substance of inheritance, is the most celebrated molecule of our time Hereditary information is encoded in DNA and reproduced in all cells of the body This DNA program directs the development of biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and (to some extent) behavioral traits Concept 16.1: DNA is the genetic material Early in the 20th century, the identification of the molecules of inheritance loomed as a major challenge to biologists The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry

Ch 17 Study guide from biologyjunction

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Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein Lecture Outline Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides along the DNA strands. The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins. Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages called transcription and translation. Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype. For example, Mendel?s dwarf pea plants lack a functioning copy of the gene that specifies the synthesis of a key protein, gibberellin. Gibberellins stimulate the normal elongation of stems. Concept 17.1 Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation

Ch 16 AP BIOLOGY Study Guide from Biology Junction

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Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Lecture Outline Overview: Life?s Operating Instructions In April 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick shook the scientific world with an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. Your genetic endowment is the DNA you inherited from your parents. Nucleic acids are unique in their ability to direct their own replication. The resemblance of offspring to their parents depends on the precise replication of DNA and its transmission from one generation to the next. It is this DNA program that directs the development of your biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and (to some extent) behavioral traits. Concept 16.1 DNA is the genetic material The search for genetic material led to DNA.

DNA NOTES

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The Discovery of DNA Griffith and Transformation: Transformation: One strain of bacteria (harmless) had changed into disease-causing strain Meant gene with info was transferred from heat-killed into live cells Avery tried to break down the heat-killed bacteria with enzyme that would usually break up DNA, but it didn?t Avery concluded that DNA is nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic info from 1 generation to another Hershey and Chase Experiment: Studied bacteriophages (viruses) ?bacteria eaters? made of DNA/RNA and protein coat Bacteriophages inject DNA into bacteria, the viral genes act to produce many new bacteriophages and burst of out cell Conclusion: using radioactive markers, genetic material of bacteriophage was DNA not protein The Structure of DNA

What is Biology?

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The definition of Biology
Biology is the study of life. Alongside physics and chemistry, biology is one of the largest and most important branches of science. At the highest level, biology is broken down based on the type of organism being studied: zoology, the study of animals; botany, of plants; and microbiology, of microorganisms. Each field has contributed to mankind or the Earth’s well-being in numerous ways. Most prominently: botany, to agriculture; zoology, to livestock and protection of ecologies; and microbiology, to the study of disease and ecosystems in general.

Biology Genetic Concepts

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Genetics Gene Glossary

Holandric ? Genes found on the Y- Chromosome Teratogens ? agents of nature that cause abnormalities in the foetus Polytene chromosomes ? chromosomes that successively replicate without any cell division making ?chunk?. Oncogene ? gene that under high temperature and mutation turn a normal cell in to a cancer cell, such as a tumor cell. Histones ? a protein that shortens the long DNA molecule so that all the DNA molecules can fit inside the nucleus. Totipotency- the ability of a cell to reactivate all the genes in a genome. Chromosomal puffs ? indicate a region where DNA replication is taking place. Supercoiling ? is the coiling of DNA. It reduces the space and allows for a lot more DNA to be packaged.

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