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Biology

Cell Lab

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
organelles
Cell Biology
Plant physiology
Photosynthesis
Staining
cell
plant cell
Cytoplasm
Microscope slide
Plastid
Starch
health

NAME: ________________________ Hour: ______ CELLS & CELL ORGANELLES LAB Purpose: In this lab, you will learn to identify different cell types and certain organelles. Objectives: Students should be able to: Recognize the major visible organelles of the cell. Give the function of the major organelles. Draw animal and plant cells. Tell the difference between animal and plant cells. Demonstrate good lab technique and explain the techniques used. NOTE: When drawing cells seen though the microscope, draw only a few, large cells accurately. All drawings must be labeled. PART A: Onion Skin. Using the procedure used in the microscope lab to prepare a microscope slide of an onion skin. (Thin skin layer only!)

Cell Analogy

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
organelles
Cell Biology
Membrane biology
cell
Eukaryote
Cytoplasm
plant cell
Lysosome
mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
health
Technology

Name: __________________ Hr: _____ Cell Analogy Objective: Using what you have learned about cells and cell organelles create and draw an analogy of a cell. You may use any object that you want to compare with a cell and its many parts. For example: a school bus. Nucleus = driver, cytoplasm = seats, etc. Before you draw, answer these questions: What are you comparing your cell to? _____________________________________ Is your cell a plant cell or animal cell? _______________________________ 3. Define these terms: Prokaryote: Eukaryote: 4. Is your cell a prokaryote or a eukaryote? ___________________________ Fill in the following chart. You only need to choose 10 organelles to place in your analogy. Organelle Function/ Job

Summary of Chapter 43

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Biology
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Biology
anatomy
immune system
Antigen presentation
B cell
Adaptive immune system
Antigen
Phagocyte
T cell
Lymphocyte
T helper cell
Humoral immunity
health

Chapter 43 The Immune System Overview: Reconnaissance, Recognition and Response Pathogens: infectious agents that cause disease Constantly attacking animals Infect a wide variety of animals (including humans) Types of pathogens: Viruses Bacteria Protists Fungi Immune system: The animal?s way of fighting off the Pathogens Made up of many different things (Macrophages, proteins, etc.) Layers of Defense: Outer layer: (barrier) Such as skin or shell Significant obstacle to invasion by microbes(pathogens) Not fully sealed (b/c need to breathe, etc) Additional barrier defenses: such as chemical secretions that trap/kill microbes ? guard the body?s entrances and exits.

Summary of Chapter 26

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Phylogenetics
Genetics
Evolutionary biology
Molecular evolution
DNA
Homology
Molecular phylogenetics
evolution
Nucleic acid sequence
Phylogenetic tree
Species

Chapter 26 ? Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Overview: Investigating the Tree of Life Process of evolution ? the evolutionary mechanisms (from Unit 4) Pattern of Evolution ? observations of evolution?s products over time. (focus of this chapter) Phylogeny ? The evolutionary history of a species or group of species. Systematics - A discipline focues on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships. Systematics uses data from fossils to molecules and genes to infer evolutionary relationships. (figure 26.2) 26.1 Phylogenies show evolutionary relationships Taxonomy ? the scientific discipline of how organisms are named and classified. A. Binomial Nomeclature (Instituted by Linnaeus) Binomial: The two part format of the scientific name

Summary of Chapter 21

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Philosophy of biology
Noncoding DNA
Human genome
Gene
Genome
Unequal crossing over
DNA
Intron
Transposable element
Mutation
health

AP Biology Chapter 21 Genomes and Their Evolution Overview ? Reading the Leaves form the Tree of Life Scientists are now able to compare different species by comparing their DNA We have sequenced the full DNA of many different species now By comparing, we can: study the set of genes that control group defining characteristics Learn about the long evolutionary history of shared ancient genes and their products (by looking at the genome of more different species such as bacteria, fungi, etcs and comparing to animals/humans.) Genomics: The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions. Bioinformatics: a new field ? the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data.

reece testbank chap 9

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Biology
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Biology
cellular respiration
biochemistry
Chemistry
Glycolysis
Chemiosmosis
Mitochondrial matrix
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron transport chain
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions

Weiten Chapter 5

Subject: 
Psychology
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Sleep
Biology
Mind
Dreaming
Electroencephalography
Rapid eye movement sleep
Non-rapid eye movement sleep
Insomnia
Delta wave
Altered state of consciousness
Slow-wave sleep
Narcolepsy
health

Chapter 5: Variations in Consciousness On the Nature of Consciousness Awareness of Internal and External Stimuli Variations on levels of awareness James ? stream of consciousness Freud ? unconscious Sleep/dreaming research The Electroencephalograph: A Physiological Index of Consciousness EEG ? monitoring of brain electrical activity Brain-waves Amplitude (height) Frequency (cycles per second) Beta (13-24 cps) Alpha (8-12 cps) Theta (4-7 cps) Delta (<4 cps) Table 5.1 EEG Patterns Associated with States of Consciousness Biological Rhythms and Sleep Circadian Rhythms ? 24 hr biological cycles Regulation of sleep/other body functions Physiological pathway of the biological clock:

Weiten Chapter 3

Subject: 
Psychology
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Biology
neuroscience
nervous system
Neurophysiology
Neurobiology
Cellular neuroscience
Chemical synapse
Neuron
brain
Neuroglia
Neurotransmission
Synapse
health

Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior Communication in the Nervous System Glia ? structural support and insulation Neurons ? communication Soma ? cell body Dendrites ? receive Axon ? transmit away Myelin sheath ? speeds up transmission Terminal Button ? end of axon; secretes neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters ? chemical messengers Figure 3.1 Structure of the neuron The Neuron at Rest Hodgkin & Huxley (1952) - giant squid Fluids inside and outside neuron Electrically charged particles (ions) Neuron at rest ? negative charge on inside compared to outside -70 millivolts ? resting potential The Action Potential Stimulation causes cell membrane to open briefly Positively charged sodium ions flow in Shift in electrical charge travels along neuron The Action Potential

exam 2.2

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Biology
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Biology
Membrane biology
organelles
Cell Biology
cellular respiration
Integral membrane proteins
Signal transduction
Vesicle
mitochondrion
Endomembrane system
Cell membrane
Receptor
health

Introduction to Cell Biology Name: October 28, 2010 Student ID: Exam II - Version 1 Section 1: Complete each sentence with one of the two answers (A / B) (3 points each). 1. donate high-energy electrons for synthesis of ATP. A) NAD+ B) NADH 2. Modern eucaryotes depend on mitochondria to generate most of the cell?s ATP. A single molecule of glucose can generate molecules of ATP. A) 30 B) 36 3. gradient serves as an energy store and is used to drive the synthesis of ATP by the ATP synthase. A) Sodium B) Proton 4. The chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis in mitochondria is called . A) oxidative phosphorylation B) electron transfer 5. The cytochrome oxidase is a protein complex that receive electron from . A) cytochrome b-c1 complex

exam 1

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
cellular respiration
Outline of cell biology
Glycolysis
metabolism
biochemistry
Oxidative phosphorylation
Citric acid cycle
cell
Lipid
Glucose
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
health

Introduction to Cell Biology Name: September 30, 2010 Student ID: Exam I - Version 1 Section 1: True and False (3 points each). 1. A virus is a living organism. A) True B) False 2. The cytoskeleton is made up of actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. A) True B) False 3. Noncovalent bonds are too weak to influence the three dimensional structure of macromolecules. A) True B) False 4. The chemical properties of amino acid side chains include charged, uncharged polar, and nonpolar. A) True B) False 5. The mitochondria use molecular oxygen to produce H2O and ATP. A) True B) False

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