Biology

Cells, Membranes and Cellular Reproduction A Tour of the Cell ? Cell Structure & Function ? Chapter 4 ? Compared to the images generated by the Hubble telescope or the planetary probes like Voyager, telescope images are limited. ? Same with looking at cells under a light microscope, view is limited. ?Which of the following cell parts are visible under a light microscope? ? Cell membrane - yes. ? Large macromolecules - no. ? Microtubules - no. ? Mitochondria - maybe just barely. ? Many bacteria - yes ? The microscopic size of most cells ensures a sufficient surface area across which nutrients and wastes can move to service the cell volume ? A small cell has a greater ratio of surface area to volume than a large cell of the same shape 30 ?m 10 ?m

Inheritance and DNA Cellular Basis of Reproduction & Inheritance ? Chapter 8 The cell cycle multiplies cells and consists of two major phases Figure 8.5 ? The stages of cell division Figure 8.6 (Part 1) Figure 8.6 (Part 2) Cytokinesis differs for plant and animal cells Figure 8.7A The binding of growth factors to specific receptors on the plasma membrane is usually necessary for cell division. Control systemG1 S G2M G1 checkpoint Plasma membrane Growth factor Receptor protein Relay proteins Signal transduction pathway Figure 8.9B ? Cancer cells divide excessively to form masses of cells called tumors ?Malignant tumors can invade other tissues Tumor Glandular tissue A tumor grows from a single cancer cell. Cancer cells invade