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Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Essay questions will be on Feulgen, Griffith experiement, Hershey and Chase, Chargoff, Watson and Crick, Tatum Beadle Experiment Overview: Your genetic material is contained in: 1. 46 chromsomes from mom and dad 2. Mitochondrial DNA from mom Nucleic acids - Unique from all other molecules in that they can direct their own replication. 16.1 DNA is the genetic material A. The Search for Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry Initially, Genes were noted to be on chromosomes (b/c of work by Morgan an d Mendel) ? so people didn?t know if they were on the proteins or on the DNA. 1. Frederick Griffith (figure 16.2)? Showed evidence that DNA (not protein) can transform bacteria Background:

Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Variations on a Theme Heredity The transmission of traits from one generation to the next Genetics The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation 13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes A. Inheritance of Genes Genes Coded information in the form of hereditary units These genes are the reason we look like our parents in some ways. Functions of genes: program cells to synthesize specific enzymes and other proteins All these functions lead to the inherited traits that you can often see DNA The way the genes are programmed, the language. Almost all DNA is in chromosomes in the nucleus (except small amt in mito/chloro) Gametes These are the reproductive cells (i.e. sperm and eggs)

Chapter 11 ? Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet The trillions of cells in a multicellular organism must communicate with each other to coordinate their activities. There are networks of communication between cells ? can be very complicated There are Universal Mechanisms of cellular regulation (and communication) ? this is further evidence that all life is related (evolutionarily). 11.1 External Signals are converted to responses within the cell What do the cells say to each other? Evolution of Cell Signaling: One thing they talk about is sex/reproduction. Example: Yeast cells: (figure 11.2) There are two genders or mating types ? ?a? and ?alpha? Type ?a? cells secrete ?a? factor which can bind on specific receptors on the ?alpha? cell