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Chemistry

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AP Chemistry
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Gas laws

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Chemistry
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Physics
Chemistry
thermodynamics
Chemical engineering
Gases
Underwater diving
Atmospheric thermodynamics
Gas laws
Ideal gas
Gas
Volume
Partial pressure
Environment

A Gas Uniformly fills any container. Mixes completely with any other gas Exerts pressure on its surroundings. A Gas It might help to define a gas based on the other phases as well. -Movie Clip- Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. Volume of individual particles is ? zero. 2. Collisions of particles with container walls cause pressure exerted by gas. 3. Particles exert no forces on each other. 4. Average kinetic energy ? Kelvin temperature of a gas. The Meaning of Temperature Kelvin temperature is an index of the random motions of gas particles (higher T means greater motion.) -Kinetic Energy Video- Pressure is equal to force/unit area SI units = Newton/meter2 = 1 Pascal (Pa) 1 standard atmosphere = 101,325 Pa 1 standard atmosphere = 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr atm mmHg torr

chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
intermolecular forces
Chemical bonding
Chemical engineering
Chemical properties
Condensed matter physics
Properties of water
State of matter
Van der Waals force
Vapor pressure
London dispersion force
Molecular solid

? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. States of Matter Because in the solid and liquid states particles are closer together, we refer to them as condensed phases. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. The States of Matter The state a substance is in at a particular temperature and pressure depends on two antagonistic entities:

sample of AP chemistry choice

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Physical chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Chemical properties
Acid-base chemistry
Equilibrium chemistry
PH
Solution
Molar concentration
Apparent molar property
health

Directions: Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered questions or statements immediately following it.Selet the one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits statement and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. Questions 1-4 refer to the following solution. (A) A solution with a pH of 1 (B) A solution with a pH of greater than 1 and less than 7 (C) A solution with a pH of 7 (D) A solution with a pH of greater than 7 and less than 13 (E) A solution with a pH of 13 For CH3COOH, Ka = 1.8?10-5 For NH3, Kb = 1.8?10-5 1. A solution prepared by mixing equal volumes of 0.2-molar HCl and 0.2-molar NH3

SAT Chem Orgo

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Functional Groups
Chemical elements
Organic compounds
Nonmetals
Acids
Alkane
Carbon
Haloalkane
Hydrogen bond
Nitric acid
Amino acid
Environment

Carbon and Organic Chemistry Carbon?Three allotropic forms: Diamond, graphite, and amorphous Fullerens?New allotropic form of carbon?Near sperical cages of carbon atoms Diamond?Close-pakced crystal structure that gives a property of extreme hardness Carbon?Bonded to four other carbons in a tetraheral arragement Almost endless number of covalent ponds All bonds in this structure are equally strong, therefore very hard and notriously difficult to melt Diamond?Melting point at 3,550 degrees celsius. Synthetic diamonds can be made by putting carbon to extremely high pressurs and temperature Graphite form is made up of planes of hexagonal structures that are wealkly bonded to the planes above and below?Explains the slippery feeling of graphite

SAT Chem Notes

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Electromagnetism
Physics
Physical chemistry
Electrochemistry
Hydrogen production
Electrodes
Electricity
Electrolytic cell
Electrolysis
Cathode
Anode
Technology

Redox and Electrochemistry Water solutions of certain substances conduct an electric current ?These substances are lectrolytes It is a sustance that dissolves in water to form a solution that will conduct an electric current If it does not coduct at all?Nonelectrolytes The reason that substances vary in their ability to conduct is related to number of ions in solution Ionic lattice substances?Sodium chloride?Dissociated by water molecules so that the individual positive and negative ions are dispresed throughout the solution Covalent bond?Degree of polarity determines the extent to which it will be ionized Water molecules help waken and finally break the polar covalent bonds Ionization? When ions are formed Dissociation?Ionic lattice comes apart

Types of Chem. Reactions

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical reactions
redox
Salt metathesis reaction
Single displacement reaction
Chemical change
Organic reaction
Organic redox reaction
education

Types of chemical reactions A chemical reaction is a process that is usually characterized by a chemical change in which the starting materials (reactants) are different from the products. Chemical reactions tend to involve the motion of electrons, leading to the formation and breaking of chemical bonds. There are several different types of chemical reactions and more than one way of classifying them. Here are some common reaction types: Synthesis Reaction (Direct Combination) In a synthesis reaction two or more chemical species combine to form a more complex product. O + H2 ? H2O C + O2 CO2 Chemical Decomposition (Analysis Reaction) In a decomposition reaction a compound is broken into smaller chemical species. H2O ? H2 + O CO2 C + O2

SAT II Chemistry Practice

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Chemistry
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??? ??? ??? ??? ??? www.liuxue.la ---- ??????????????? ??? www.liuxue.la ???????????????????????: ?????:http://www.liuxue.la/ ?????:http://bbs.liuxue.la/ ???????http://www.liuxue.la/ranking/ ???????http://www.liuxue.la/school.html ???????http://www.liuxue.la/undergraduate/ ????????http://www.liuxue.la/graduate/ ???????http://www.liuxue.la/major/ ???????http://www.liuxue.la/book/ ???????http://www.liuxue.la/exam.html ???????http://www.liuxue.la/download/ THE TOP 40 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR TOP SCORES IN CHEMISTRY 1. CHANGES Understand and be able to identify the difference between physical and chemical changes. See Chapter 1. 2. REACTIONS

chemistry midterm review

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Chemical properties
Quantum chemistry
Atomic physics
Molecular physics
Chemical bond
Octet rule
Valence electron
electron
Bohr model
Transition metal

Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A 1 MIDTERM REVIEW Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Inorganic chemistry is the study of a. non-carbon related compounds. b. the chemistry of living things. c. mathematical modeling. d. the identification of the composition of materials. ____ 2. A student recorded the following while completing an experiment. Color of substance: yellow, shiny powder Effect of magnet: yellow, shiny powder was attracted The student should classify the substance as a(n) a. element. c. mixture. b. compound. d. plasma. ____ 3. Which of the following is not a physical change? a. grinding c. boiling b. cutting d. burning

chemical bonding review

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Chemical bond
Chemical polarity
Covalent bond
Ionic bond
Lewis structure
Metallic bond
Lone pair
molecule
Resonance
Ionic compound

Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A 1 CH 6 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The electrostatic attraction between positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons permits two atoms to be held together by a(n) a. chemical bond. c. neutron. b. London force. d. ion. ____ 2. As atoms bond with each other, they a. increase their potential energy, thus creating less-stable arrangements of matter. b. decrease their potential energy, thus creating less-stable arrangements of matter. c. increase their potential energy, thus creating more-stable arrangements of matter. d. decrease their potential energy, thus creating more-stable arrangements of matter.

States of Matter

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Physics
thermodynamics
Chemical engineering
Gases
State functions
Physical quantities
Avogadro's law
Partial pressure
Properties of water
Kinetic theory
Amount of substance

Chem 110 Chapter 5 Test Review States of Matter: Gases, Liquids and Solids Changes in State Changes in state are considered physical changes. Other physical properties may also change during a change in state. 4 States of Matter are: Gases, Liquids, Solids Comparison of Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Property Gas Liquid Solid Volume and Shape Expands to fill the volume of its container and takes the shape of its container. Has a fixed volume at a given mass and temperature. Volume depends on its mass and temperature. It assumes the shape of its container. Has a fixed volume which is dependent on its mass and temperature. It has a definite shape. Density Compressibility Particle Motion Low High Virtually free High Very low

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