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Chemistry

Chemical Kinetics: Rates of Reaction review sheet

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Rates of reaction

South Pasadena ? AP Chemistry [Keep for Reference] 15 ? Chemical Kinetics: Rates of Reaction DRAFT-- A B L U F F E R ? S G U I D E ? ? How to talk about Reaction Rate rate = ([chemical]/(time Common Units: M/s, mol?L-1?s-1 rate of disappearance of reactant or rate of appearance of product use coefficients to change one rate to another Reaction: 2A + 3B ( 4C = = watch your signs (([React.] = -([Prod.]) From a graph of [R] vs time Average rate is the slope of a segment. Instantaneous rate is slope of the tangent. Initial rate is often used.? ? How to Speed Up a Reaction [Use Collision Theory, Kinetic Molecular Theory] increase the concentration of reactants - increase molarity of solutions - increase partial pressure of gases

Cambell biology 9th Edition Chapter 8 Test bank

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Cambell biology 9th Edition Chapter 8 Test bank
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Cambell biology 9th Edition Chapter 8 Test bank

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism This chapter lays the foundations for the chapters on respiration and photosynthesis. Key concepts are as follows: The laws of thermodynamics govern energy transformations by living organisms, metabolic reactions couple energy-harvesting reactions to reactions that accomplish cellular work, and enzymes increase the rates of reaction. Understanding the properties of enzymes, how they work, and how their activities are regulated is necessary to achieve an understanding of metabolic pathways. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? A) catalysis B) metabolism C) anabolism D) dehydration E) catabolism

Prentice Hall AP Chem. Chapter 2 notes

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ion
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molecules
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Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO ? 2006, Prentice Hall, Inc. Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Atomic Theory of Matter The theory that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter reemerged in the early 19th century, championed by John Dalton. Dalton?s Postulates Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. Dalton?s Postulates All atoms of a given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties, but the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements. Dalton?s Postulates

Prentice Hall AP Chem. Chapter 1 notes

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Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO ? 2006, Prentice Hall Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chemistry: The study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Scientific Method: A systematic approach to solving problems. Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Matter Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Each element is made of the same kind of atom. Matter Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Each element is made of the same kind of atom. A compound is made of two or more different kinds of elements. States of Matter Classification of Matter

Alkanes

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Alkanes
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Functional Groups
Pentane
Propane
Cycloalkane
Cyclopropane
Butane
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chem lab

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ISU TOPIC: ALKANES Submitted to: Mr. Ram Submitted by: Patrick Do Course Code: SCH4U1 - 02 Date: Thursday February 14, 2013 Alkanes have no functional groups. They are essentially made up of carbon and hydrogen bonded together through single bonds. Alkanes can appear as alkyl groups. The general structure of an alkane is CnH2n+2. a) Straight chain alkanes: Number of Carbons Name of Compound Condensed Formula 1 Methane CH4 2 Ethane CH3 - CH3 3 Propane CH3 - CH2 - CH3 4 Butane CH3 - CH3 - CH3 - CH3 5 Pentane CH3 - CH3 - CH3 - CH3 - CH3 b) Branched alkanes: Number of Carbons Name of Compound Condensed Formula 4 Isobutane (2-methyl propane) CH3 | CH3 - CH - CH3 5 Isopentane

Chapter 9 Notes

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Chapter 9 notes Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Concept 9.1 Metabolic pathways that release energy are called catabolic pathways - fermentation and cellular respiration _____________: partial degradation of sugars that occurs w/out the help of O2 ________: O2 is consumed as a reactant along w/ the sugar - more efficient Concept 9.1 Cellular respiration occurs in the _______________ Organic + O2 ? Carbon + H2O + Energy compounds dioxide C6H12O6 + 6O2 ? 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy 1 glucose = -686 kcals Concept 9.1 ATP is the central molecule responsible for energy used by the cell The cell uses enzymes to transfer phosphate groups from ATP to other compounds (making them _________________) ATP ? ADP + phosphate Concept 9.1

Chapter 10 Notes

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RuBisCO
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Chapter 10 notes Photosynthesis Photosynthesis In Nature All life acquires organic compounds for energy and carbon skeletons by one of two ways - ______________: (autos = self, trophos = feed) - they sustain themselves w/out eating other organisms Photosynthesis In Nature - plants are _________________ because they use light as a source of energy - __________: (hetero = other, different) - live on compounds produced by other organisms Heterotrophs are dependent on photoautotrophs for food and oxygen Photosynthesis In Nature ________________ are the site of photosynthesis in plants All green parts of plants have chloroplasts - color is from ____________, the green pigment in the chloroplasts

Chapter 18 Powerpoint

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Oxygen
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Chapter 18: Chemistry of the Environment Priyal Patel AP Chemistry 0pd 18.1 Earth?s Atmosphere Temperature varied due to altitude Decreases with increasing altitude Layer of atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Composition of the Atmosphere Not uniform Bombarded with radiation and energetic particles Lighter atoms rise to top N2 triple bond for between Nitrogen atoms O2 Much more reactive Reacts to form oxides 18.2 The Outer Regions of the Atmosphere Outer portion of atmosphere is important in determining conditions of life Upper layer forms outer defense against radiation and high-energy particles Photodissociation Rupture of a chemical bond resulting form absorption of a photon by a molecule Does not form ions Forms two neutral particles

Chapter 16 Powerpoint

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Acid-Base Equilibria Priyal Patel 0 period 16.1 Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids have a sour taste and cause certain dyes to change color Sour taste Linked to H+ ions Bases are bitter and feel slippery Bitter taste Feel slippery Linked to OH- ions When acids and bases are mixed in certain proportions, their characteristics disappear altogether 16.2 Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Danish Chemist Johannes Bronsted and English chemist Thomas Lowry proposed a definition of acids and bases Based on the fact that acid-base reactions involve the transfer of H+ ions from one substance to another. The H+ Ion in Water An H+ is a proton with no surrounding valence electrons This proton bonds interacts with nonbonding electrons of water molecules to form hydrated hydrogen ions.

Cp 3 Ecosystems

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Environmental Science
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Cp. 3 Living in the environment

Cp 3 Ecosystems, What are they and How do They Work? p. 62 1. Define biomass 2. Give an everyday example. 3. Because the transfer of energy through the food chains and webs is not very ______________, some chemical energy is lost to the environment as ______-_______ _______. 4. What is ecological efficiency? 5. Give the range and the typical (specify which is which). 6. Prepare an Energy pyramid, start at 100,000 Calories Give all alternative names for each level. p. 63 7. The energy flow pyramids explain what about human populations? 8. About two thirds of the world?s human population survive on which foods? Why? p. 64 9. Why are food chains rarely more than 4 at the most 5 levels? 10. What is Gross primary producitivity? 11. How is it measured?

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